Rotaviruses

Сентябрь 3, 2022

Содержание

3. Morphology Family Reoviridae 70-85 nm diameter Nearly spherical icosahedral particle Non-enveloped, double-shelled viruses Wheel-like distinct appearance
4. Genome 11 segments of double-stranded RNA structural viral proteins (VP): outer/inner capsids: VP4 and VP7core: VP2,
5. Genome
6. Classification defined by cross-neutralization with polyclonal antibodies of antigenic specificities (glycoproteins) VP4 antigen: P serotype; 8
7. Classification Distribution of rotavirus strains from a global collection of 2,748 strains. "Others" includes strains that
8. Replication Attached to cell receptors contained sialic acid Internalized and uncoated via endolysosomes Early transcription by
9. Replication Secondary transcription occurs in cytoplasm in later infection in a conservative fashion. Uncapped non-polyadenylated transcripts
10. Replication
11. Pathogenesis infect upper two-third of duodenal epithelial cell infectious particles are released to intestinal lumen and
12. Pathogenesis
13. Epidemiology Primary transmission mode is fecal-oral ingestion of contaminated food or water and contact with contaminated
14. Epidemiology Rotavirus causes the highest level of diarrhea among developed and developing countries
15. Epidemiology Average time of peak rotavirus activity in the contiguous 48 states, United States, July 1991
16. Epidemiology Estimated global distribution of the 800,000 annual deaths caused by rotavirus diarrhea.
17. Diagnosis and Treatment Antigen Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) of stool specimens RT-PCR; not commonly done Non-specific treatment:
18. Diagnosis and Treatment A Doctor Examining a Dehydrated Child
19. Rotavirus vaccine Monovalent Vaccines - Live attenuated vaccine derived from nonhuman host rotaviruses such as bovine
20. Rotavirus vaccine Production of reassortant tetravalent vaccine with VP7 serotype 1-4 specificity co-infection of RRV with
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Morphology
Family Reoviridae
70-85 nm diameter
Nearly spherical icosahedral particle
Non-enveloped, double-shelled

viruses
Wheel-like distinct appearance under EM

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Genome
11 segments of double-stranded RNA
structural viral proteins (VP): outer/inner capsids:

VP4 and VP7core: VP2, VP6, VP1, VP3
nonstructural proteins (NSP): NSP1-5

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Genome

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Classification
defined by cross-neutralization
with polyclonal antibodies of antigenic
specificities (glycoproteins)
VP4

antigen: P serotype; 8 human rotaviruses
VP7 antigen: G serotype; 10 human rotaviruses
commonly found strains: P[8]G1; P[8]G3; P[8]G4;
and P[4]G2

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Classification
Distribution of rotavirus strains from a global collection of 2,748 strains.

"Others" includes strains that were not typable.

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Replication
Attached to cell receptors contained sialic acid
Internalized and uncoated via endolysosomes
Early

transcription by viral RNA polymerase occurs inside sub-viral particle
Resulted in synthesis of (+) mRNAs and are translated in the cytoplasm.
Reassortment occurs during Early transcription.

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Replication
Secondary transcription occurs in cytoplasm in later
infection in a

conservative fashion.
Uncapped non-polyadenylated transcripts
Particles assemble in the cytoplasm 6-7 h after infection
Budding from the E.R. into internal spaces & are
eventually released when the cell lyses.

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Replication

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Pathogenesis
infect upper two-third of duodenal epithelial cell
infectious particles are released

to intestinal lumen
and undergo further replication in distal areas
cause severe diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain
among children
2 days incubation with 3-8 days watery diarrhea
death of over 600,000 children annually worldwide

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Pathogenesis

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Epidemiology
Primary transmission mode is
fecal-oral
ingestion of contaminated food or water

and contact with contaminated surfaces
Annual epidemics occurring from November to April
high rates of illness among infants and children below 2 years old, but mild among adults

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Epidemiology
Rotavirus causes the highest level of diarrhea among developed and developing

countries

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Epidemiology
Average time of peak rotavirus activity in the contiguous 48 states,

United States, July 1991 to June 1997.

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Epidemiology
Estimated global distribution of the 800,000 annual deaths caused by rotavirus

diarrhea.

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Diagnosis and Treatment
Antigen Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) of stool specimens
RT-PCR; not

commonly done
Non-specific treatment: oral rehydration therapy to
prevent dehydration
Intravenous fluid is required in severe infant cases
Immunization by vaccines

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Diagnosis and Treatment
A Doctor Examining a Dehydrated Child

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Rotavirus vaccine
Monovalent Vaccines
- Live attenuated vaccine derived from nonhuman

host rotaviruses such as bovine and rhesus
Reassortant Vaccines
- animal-human reassortants
expressing VP7 proteins used as immunogens such
as rhesus-human reassortant or
bovine-human reassortant vaccines

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Rotavirus vaccine
Production of reassortant
tetravalent vaccine with VP7 serotype 1-4

specificity
co-infection of RRV with HRV serotype 1,2, and 3
safe and immunogenic

Rotaviruses

Содержание

MorphologyFamily Reoviridae 70-85 nm diameter Nearly spherical icosahedral particle Non-enveloped, double-shelled

Genome11 segments of double-stranded RNA structural viral proteins (VP): outer/inner capsids:

Genome

Classificationdefined by cross-neutralization with polyclonal antibodies of antigenic specificities (glycoproteins)VP4

ClassificationDistribution of rotavirus strains from a global collection of 2,748 strains.

ReplicationAttached to cell receptors contained sialic acidInternalized and uncoated via endolysosomesEarly

ReplicationSecondary transcription occurs in cytoplasm in later infection in a

Replication

Pathogenesisinfect upper two-third of duodenal epithelial cell infectious particles are released

Pathogenesis

EpidemiologyPrimary transmission mode is fecal-oralingestion of contaminated food or water

EpidemiologyRotavirus causes the highest level of diarrhea among developed and developing

EpidemiologyAverage time of peak rotavirus activity in the contiguous 48 states,

EpidemiologyEstimated global distribution of the 800,000 annual deaths caused by rotavirus

Diagnosis and TreatmentAntigen Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) of stool specimens RT-PCR; not

Diagnosis and TreatmentA Doctor Examining a Dehydrated Child

Rotavirus vaccineMonovalent Vaccines - Live attenuated vaccine derived from nonhuman

Rotavirus vaccine Production of reassortant tetravalent vaccine with VP7 serotype 1-4

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