Speech Culture

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Speech culture is a branch of linguistics, which sets and explains

standards of oral and written literary language.

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Two Stages of Speech Culture
Speech Correctness
Speech Proficiency
appropriateness
accuracy
expressiveness
clarity
originality

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The basis of choice in speech culture is lexical, phraseological and

grammatical synonymy.

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The Objective of Speech Culture
defining objective language standards in pronunciation,

vocabulary, grammar;
standards which reflect the traditions enshrined in literature by artists in words;
language development trends, which renew the standard.

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What Does Speech Culture Require?
content
structure
logic
language literary norm
communicative expediency
expressiveness within the linguistic

norm

focus on the receptor

ability to use speech mechanisms

expressiveness as overcoming the norm

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Content of Speech
For evaluating the content of speech, the following criteria

can be used:

criterion of truth

pragmatic criterion

criterion of relevance

criterion of originality

criterion of scientific value

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Logic of Speech
The thought must have a clear structure and also

some value.
Basic laws of logic must be observed:
law of identity,
law of sufficient reason,
law of contradiction,
law of the excluded middle.

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Structure of Speech
Mastership in composition can be achieved if you:
know the

objective, the main idea of your speech, can easily find examples, have great imagination;
know the receptor of the speech, can feel and predict the reaction and change the speech composition on the spot because of this reaction;
can answer quickly, especially in a dialogue;
can be oriented towards the type of speech and the genre of utterance;
can feel free during the act of oral speech, can easily use paralinguistic means, gestures, "play" with prosodic means.

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Ability to Use Speech Mechanisms
–
fill pauses with “errr”
too fast or too

slow tempo of speech
begin the phrase and not be able to finish it
excessive liveliness

articulate sounds carefully
use our breath properly
make up syntactic constructions easily
answer quickly
use various and appropriate intonations, mimics, gestures, poses
restrained irony, wittiness, warmth

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Language Literary Norm
Language norm is a set of stable traditional implementations

of the language system, selected and fixed in the process of speech in literature – exemplary, classic, fiction, scientific, journalistic; a set of rules and traditions in different areas of the language.

pronunciation level

lexical level

morphemic level

morphologic level

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Communicative Expediency
This pragmatic requirement is aimed at achieving the goal of

communication – a complete and adequate understanding of speech by the receptor.

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Expressiveness
Means of expressiveness:
speech loudness and tempo,
voice timber,
pauses (logical and

psychological),
intonation,
mimics, body language,
acting,
rhetorical questions,
repetitions,
parallel constructions,
gradation,
paradoxes, etc.

Means of extra-expressiveness:
foreign speech,
creating new words,
dialecticisms,
colloquial words, etc.

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Speech Etiquette

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Speech etiquette is an accepted set of requirements of forms, contents,

orders, characters and situational relevance of utterance or expression.

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Realization of Speech Etiquette Elements at Different Language Levels
lexical level
morphological level
stylistic

level

level of intonation

level of orthoepy

level of organization of communication

E.g., thank you, excuse me, see you

E.g., Give me your pen, please.

E.g., \Come here. /Come here.

E.g., let me – lemme

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The Dynamics of Conversation
Conversation Analysis is based on Politeness of Penelope

Brown & Stephen Levinson (1987).
Based on Erving Goffman’s notion of face.
It is expected that every speaker attempts to respect the face want of others. There are many ways of performing face saving acts.

face saving act

face threatening act

face want

politeness

face

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Negative Face
Could you…
I’m sorry to bother you, but…
May I ask…
Positive Face
use

of nicknames,
use of shared dialect,
use of slang,
We… Let’s…

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On and Off Record
Off record statements are not addressed: “I wonder

where I put my pen …” The other can act as if he or she hasn’t heard.
On record statements are addressed: “I haven’t got a pen”.
Bald on record statements: “Give me a pen”. They are often followed by “mitigating devices” such as “please”, “would you” etc.

Speech Culture

Содержание

Speech Culture

Speech culture is a branch of linguistics, which sets and explains

Two Stages of Speech CultureSpeech CorrectnessSpeech Proficiencyappropriatenessaccuracyexpressivenessclarityoriginality

The basis of choice in speech culture is lexical, phraseological and

The Objective of Speech Culture defining objective language standards in pronunciation,

What Does Speech Culture Require?contentstructurelogiclanguage literary normcommunicative expediencyexpressiveness within the linguistic

Content of SpeechFor evaluating the content of speech, the following criteria

Logic of SpeechThe thought must have a clear structure and also

Structure of SpeechMastership in composition can be achieved if you:know the

Ability to Use Speech Mechanisms–fill pauses with “errr”too fast or too

Language Literary NormLanguage norm is a set of stable traditional implementations

Communicative ExpediencyThis pragmatic requirement is aimed at achieving the goal of

ExpressivenessMeans of expressiveness:speech loudness and tempo, voice timber, pauses (logical and

Speech Etiquette

Speech etiquette is an accepted set of requirements of forms, contents,

Realization of Speech Etiquette Elements at Different Language Levelslexical levelmorphological levelstylistic

The Dynamics of ConversationConversation Analysis is based on Politeness of Penelope

Negative FaceCould you…I’m sorry to bother you, but…May I ask…Positive Faceuse

On and Off RecordOff record statements are not addressed: “I wonder

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Two Stages of Speech Culture
Speech Correctness
Speech Proficiency
appropriateness
accuracy
expressiveness
clarity
originality

The Objective of Speech Culture
defining objective language standards in pronunciation,

What Does Speech Culture Require?
content
structure
logic
language literary norm
communicative expediency
expressiveness within the linguistic

Content of Speech
For evaluating the content of speech, the following criteria

Logic of Speech
The thought must have a clear structure and also

Structure of Speech
Mastership in composition can be achieved if you:
know the

Ability to Use Speech Mechanisms
–
fill pauses with “errr”
too fast or too

Language Literary Norm
Language norm is a set of stable traditional implementations

Communicative Expediency
This pragmatic requirement is aimed at achieving the goal of

Expressiveness
Means of expressiveness:
speech loudness and tempo,
voice timber,
pauses (logical and

Realization of Speech Etiquette Elements at Different Language Levels
lexical level
morphological level
stylistic

The Dynamics of Conversation
Conversation Analysis is based on Politeness of Penelope

Negative Face
Could you…
I’m sorry to bother you, but…
May I ask…
Positive Face
use

On and Off Record
Off record statements are not addressed: “I wonder