Conditional sentences

Gordon tomorrow, I will tell him about it.
— Если я увижу Гордона завтра, я расскажу ему об этом.
I will tell Gordon about it if I see him tomorrow.
— Я расскажу об этом Гордону, если я увижу его завтра.

Если условие стоит на первом месте в предложении, то оно отделяется запятой.

задаются к основной части предложения, то есть к следствию.

Will you tell Gordon about it if you see him tomorrow?
-Ты расскажешь об этом Гордону, если увидишь его завтра?

текстах инструкции, руководства, описания законов.

Present Simple
If the sun shines, snow melts.
— Если солнце светит, снег тает.
If you are driving a car, you need to be very attentive.
— Если ведешь машину, нужно быть очень внимательным.

find a good job if you study well.
– Ты найдешь хорошую работу, если будешь хорошо учиться.

+ V
If he leaves early, he’ll be on time.
— Если он выйдет рано, он будет вовремя.
When I finish my work, I will go to the cinema.
—Когда я закончу свою работу, я пойду в кино.
If you have finished your work, we can go for a walk.
—Если вы закончили работу, мы можем пойти прогуляться.

настойчивость.
Мы также можем использовать would (should) после if, если хотим сказать, что что-то, скорее всего, не произойдет.

- Если вы заполните форму, я обработаю вашу заявку. (вежливая просьба)
If you will not stop shouting, you will have to leave.
-Если вы не перестанете кричать, вам придется уйти. (настойчивость)
I don't know if I will pass my driving test.
-Я не знаю, сдам ли я экзамен по вождению. (неуверенность)
If I should see her, I'll ask her.
-Если я увижу ее, я спрошу ее. (неопределённость)

будущему времени.
В русском языке используется частица “бы”.
If I lived in the countryside, I would walk in the forest every day.
- Если бы я жил за городом, я бы гулял в лесу каждый день.

would / could / might + V
If I saw a ghost, I would run away.
— Если бы я увидел привидение, я бы убежал.
If I were in a tricky situation, I would take this opportunity.
– Если бы я попал в сложную ситуацию, я бы воспользовался этой возможностью.

во всех лицах.
(Oднако was допускается в разговорной речи.)

If I were you, I would try harder.
-Если я был на твоём месте, я бы старался изо всех сил.

REMEMBER!

для критики событий в прошлом.
В русском языке используется частица “бы”.
If I hadn’t missed the bus, I wouldn’t have been late for work.
– Если бы я не опоздал на автобус, я бы не опоздал на работу.

V3
He wouldn’t have made this discovery if he hadn’t done precise calculations.
– Он не совершил бы это открытие, если бы не сделал очень точные расчеты.
If I had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
– Если бы я закрыл машину, её бы не украли.

следует употреблять, когда условие было в прошлом, а следствие относится к настоящему или будущему.
Принято выделять три типа смешанных условных предложений.

а следствие – к настоящему/будущему (Type 2).
If + S + had + V3, S + should (would) + V
If he had done his homework yesterday, he would get a good grade today.
– Если бы он вчера сделал домашнее задание, то сегодня он получил бы хорошую оценку.

к конкретному времени (Type 2), а следствие имеет отношение к прошлому (Type 3).
If + S + V2 (were Ving), S + could/would/might + have + V3
If she were more concentrated, she would not have made so many mistakes in that test.
– Если бы она была более сосредоточенной, она не сделала бы столько ошибок в тесте. (но она рассеянная и наделала ошибок в тесте в прошлом)

первого типа условных предложений.
If + S + V2 (were Ving), S + will / can / may / might / must + V
If she got back late last night, she won’t come to school today.
– Если она пришла поздно вчера, она не придет в школу сегодня.

на тебе?
Suppose you got a job, would you be able to relocate?
- Предположим, ты бы нашел работу. Ты бы смог переехать в другое место?
What if Alice came in and saw us here?
– А что, если бы Элис сейчас вошла и увидела нас здесь?
Call him otherwise he won’t come. – Позвони ему, иначе он не придет.
Even if you call him right now, he will leave for Kyiv.
– Даже если ты позвонишь ему прямо сейчас, он все равно уедет в Киев.
Only if you like rock music we will go to the concert.
– Мы пойдем на концерт, только если тебе нравится рок музыка.
As long as you study well, I will be happy.
-До тех пор, пока вы учитесь хорошо, я буду счастлив.
Providing that it is not rainy on Monday, we will go to the seaside.
– Мы поедем к морю, только при условии, что в понедельник не будет дождя.

2 и 3 типа. В таком случае should, were и had ставятся перед подлежащим.
Инверсия помогает сделать предложение более эмоциональным.
If he would turn up, tell him to wait for me. Would he turn up, tell him to wait for me.
-Если он появится, скажи ему, чтобы он ждал меня. Только появится, скажите ему, чтобы он ждал меня.
If I were you, I would speak to her. Were I you, I would speak to her.
-Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы поговорил с ней.
If he had known, he would have told us. Had he known, he would have told us.

late / I / be late for work)
2. (my husband / cook / he / burn the food)
3. (Julie / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)
4. (children / not eat well / they / not be healthy)
5. (you / mix water and electricity / you / get a shock)
6. (people / eat / too many sweets / they / get fat)
7. (you / smoke / you / get yellow fingers)
8. (children / play outside / they / not get overweight)
9. (you / heat ice / it / melt)
10. (I / speak to John / he / get annoyed)
11. (I / feel good the next day / I / go to bed early)
12. (lots of people / come / Jenny / have a party)
13. (she / buy expensive clothes / she / go shopping)
14. (my daughter / pass her exams / she / work hard)
15. (David / be sick / he / drink milk)
16. (the river / freeze / it / be very cold)
17. (I / like to visit the museums / I / be in a new city)
18. (I / cycle to work / the weather / be fine)
19. (my flatmate / clean it really well / she / clean the house)
20. (everybody / be grumpy / it / rain a lot)

work.
2. If my husband cooks, he burns the food.
3. If Julie doesn’t wear a hat, she gets sunstroke.
4. If children don’t eat well, they aren’t healthy.
5. If you mix water and electricity, you get a shock.
6. If people eat too many sweets, they get fat.
7. If you smoke, you get yellow fingers.
8. If children play outside, they don’t get overweight.
9. If you heat ice, it melts.
10. If I speak to John, he gets annoyed.
11. I feel good the next day if I go to bed early.
12. Lots of people come if Jenny has a party.
13. She buys expensive clothes if she goes shopping.
14. My daughter passes her exams if she works hard.
15. David is sick if he drinks milk.
16. The river freezes if it’s very cold.
17. I like to visit the museums if I am in a new city.
18. I cycle to work if the weather is fine.
19. My flatmate cleans really well if she cleans the house.
20. Everybody is grumpy if it rains a lot.

Indefinite or the Future Indefinite Tense.
If Peter __________ (come) to my place, we_________ (go) to play in the yard.
If Peter__________ (not come) to my place, I __________ (watch) TV.
If Frank’s parents____ (have) their holidays in summer, they ____ (go) to the seaside.
If they __________ (have) their holidays in winter, they ______ (stay) at home.
If the fog _______ (thicken), Harold _______ (put up) the tent for the night.
When I _______ (finish) my work, I_______ (go) to the cinema.
We_______ (buy) this book as soon as our mother_____ (give) us some money.
When we _______ (come) to your place you_______ (show) us your present.
I_______ (return) you your ring when you_______ (ask) me.
I_______ (wait) for my friend until he_______ (come) from the shop.
My father_______ (start) writing before the sun _______ (rise).
As soon as you _____ (finish) your study I______ (present) you with a new flat

verbs into the correct form.

1. If we (have) _________________ a yacht, we (sail) _________________ the seven seas.
2. If he (have) _________________ more time, he (learn) _________________ karate.
3. If they (tell) _________________ their father, he (be) _________________ very angry.
4. She (spend) ________ a year in the USA if it (be) ______ easier to get a green card.
5. If I (live) _______ on a lonely island, I (run) _________________ around naked all day.
6. We (help) _________________ you if we (know) _________________ how.
7. My brother (buy) __________ a sports car if he (have) _________________ the money.
8. If I (feel) _______________ better, I (go) _________________ to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) _________________ by bike more often, you (be / not) _________ so flabby.
10. She (not / talk) _________________ to you if she (be) _______________ mad at you.

verbs into the correct form.

1. If you (study) _________________ for the test, you (pass) _________________ it.
2. If you (ask) _________________ me, I (help) _________________ you.
3. If we (go) to the cinema, we (see) my friend Jacob.
4. If you (speak) English, she (understand).
5. If they (listen) _________________ to me, we (be) _________________ home earlier.
6. I (write) _________________ you a postcard if I (have) ___________ your address.
7. If I (not / break) __________ my leg, I (take part) _________________ in the contest.
8. If it (not/ start) _________________ to rain, we (walk) __________ to the museum.
9. We (swim) _________ in the sea if there (not / be) _______ so many sharks there.
10. If she (take) ________ the bus, she (not / arrive) _________________ on time.

Sentences (Type I, II or III) by putting the verbs into the correct form.

1. If they (have) _______________ time at the weekend, they will come to see us.
2. If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice) _______________.
3. If we (know) _______________ about your problem, we would have helped you.
4. If I (be) _______________ you, I would not buy that dress.
5. We (arrive) _______________ earlier if we had not missed the bus.
6. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my life (not / be) _______________ complete.
7. Okay, I (get) _______________ the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
8. If I (tell) _______________ you a secret, you would be sure to leak it.
9. She (go) _______________ out with you if you had only asked her.
10. I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) ____ it in such an obvious place.

verbs must be in the negative in order to make sense.

1 If you ....... late again for training again today (to be), I ........you play in tomorrow’s match. (let)
2 I.......all August in Thailand (to spend) if I ....... the time and the money. (to have) Maybe next year.
3 I ....... angry (to be) if you ........ my chocolate mousse. (to eat)
4 If just one person ........... my birthday (remember), I .......sad. (to be)
5 You.......sorry (to be) if you .......for your exams. (to revise)
6 I ........ that umbrella inside the house (open) if I ........ you. (to be) It's bad luck.
7 We........ (to eat) out if there....... no food at home. (to be)
8 The holidays ....... great (to be) if the weather ....... better. (to be)
9 I ........ out with him (to go) even if you ........ me. (to pay)
10 If you........ me about the concert (to tell), I ........ (to go)

today, I won’t let you play in tomorrow’s match.
2 I’d spend all August in Thailand if I had the time and the money. Maybe next year.
3 I wouldn't be angry if you hadn’t eaten my chocolate mousse.
4 If just one person had remembered my birthday, I wouldn’t have been sad.
5 You'll be sorry if you don’t revise for your exams.
6 I wouldn’t open that umbrella inside the house if I were you. It's bad luck.
7 We’ll eat out if there's no food at home.
8 The holidays would have been great if the weather had been better.
9 I wouldn't go out with him even if you paid me.
10 If you had told me about the concert, I wouldn’t have gone.

что они не выполнимы сейчас, в будущем, или не были исполнены когда-то давно.
На российский язык можно перевести, как “жаль, что это не так; хотелось бы…, но увы”.

were, независимо от того, о каком именно лице идет речь (я, мы, ты, он и т.д.):
I wish my mother were here.
Это правило может нарушаться в разговорной речи, особенно в британском английском.
I wish I was younger.

ВАЖНО!

оборотом «жаль, …» мы его переводим в утвердительной форме: I wish you didn’t spend so much money on cosmetics (Жаль, что ты тратишь столько денег на косметику).
Правило работает и в обратном отношении:
I wish I had 5 dollars (Жаль, что у меня нет пяти долларов).

ВАЖНО!

также выражает недовольство и сожаление. Оно несколько сильнее, чем “I wish”.
If only I hadn’t said that.
-Жаль, что я сказал это.
(Ах, если бы я только этого не говорил.)

мы используем Past Simple вместо Present или Past Perfect вместо Past.

He's ill. He wishes he weren't ill. (Present)

never too late. You could take an evening course.
2. A: If only I ……….. (train) harder for the race.
B:Well, you can compete again next year.
3. A: I wish I ……….. (not/give) George the money.
B: Don't worry; he will pay you back soon.
4. A: I wish Sill ……….. (tell) us why he's so sad today.
B: Maybe he just needs some time alone.
5. A: I wish you ……….. , (take off) your dirty boots at the door.
B: Sorry. I'll try to remember next time.
6. A: I wish I ……….. (wear) my heavy coat. I feel really cold now.
B: It's not your fault. The weather forecast said it would be sunny.
7. A: If only my children ……….. (be) more helpful with the housework.
B: You should give them some chores to do.
8. A: If only it ……….. (stop) snowing.
B: I know. It makes driving very dangerous.

Exercise