English Adjectives

отвеча ет на вопрос what? какой?

red, good, interesting, wide

Прилагательные не изменяются ни по родам, ни по числам, ни по падежам.

a young man
a young woman
young people
by a young woman

В предложении прилагательные употребляются в функции определения , а также именной части составного сказуемого

The large box is on the table. (определение)
The box is large. (именная часть составного сказуемого)

tree is alive.
We felt alone.
The cats are asleep.
The man gets ill.

Составное именное сказуемое =
глагол-связка to be (get/turn/ become/feel/smell) + прилагательное

Прилагательные, которые употребляются только в составе сказуемого.

!

alike women
an afraid dog
an alive tree
alone women
asleep cats
an ill man

pensions.
Immediate help was given to the poor.
The wounded were transported to the hospital.

Эти прилагатель ные использутся для описания групп людей, употребляются с артиклем the и переводятся существительными множ-го числа

ahead to foresee the unexpected.
These animals belong to the wild.
We were waiting for the good.
You should always hope for the best.
They want to live in the present.

Абстрактные сущ-ные делятся на чувства и эмоции, постоянные признаки и состояния, отвлеченные понятия, идеи и явления.

have more-qualified personnel.
Ann isn’t only good-looking, but a very clever woman.
It was a well-written report.
They sell handmade presents.
We don’t like that badly-behaved boy.
Everybody dreams of a well-paid job.
He wants to be a well-educated person.

Прилагательные могут быть простыми, производными и составными. Простые прил-ные состоят только из корня, производные имеют суффиксы/ префиксы, и составные образуются из двух слов.

искл.

-an/ian: a Chilean – two Chileans – the Chileans
a Russian – two Russians – the Russians
a German – two Germans – the Germans
-ese/ss: a Vietnamese – two Vietnamese – the Vietnamese
a Swiss – two Swiss – the Swiss
-sh/ch: an Englishman/woman – two Englishmen – the English

landscape design.
She finds her job exhausting.
At the end of the day she is often exhausted.
Roger looked amazing in the picture.
Roger looked amazed in the picture.

Окончание ing – описание качеств или характеристик предмета или человека, сообщают о к/л свойстве;
Окончание ed – описание чувств, эмоций и состояния человека

или меньшей степени и поэтому имеют степени сравнения.

Относительные прил-ные описывают качества предмета через его отношение к материалу, месту, времени и связи. Они не имеют степеней сравнения и не употребляются с наречиями very, too, enough.

Качественные прилагательные

Относительные прилагательные

!

и животных.
Превосходная степень указывает на то, что данный человек или предмет превосходит всех остальных по к/л признаку.

Начальная
форма

Сравнительная степень

Превосходная степень

помощью суффикса - er (и предлога than)
Превосходная степень образуется с помощью артикля the и суффикса - est (и предлогов of/in)

This road is wider than that one.
Cars are faster than bicycles.
He is the youngest student in his class.
That is the highest building in the city.

при доба влении суффиксов, е выпадает
Если прилагательное оканчивается на у перед которой стоит согласная, то при добавлении суффиксов, у меняяется на i
Если односложное прилагате льное оканчивается на соглас ный с предыдущим кратким гласным, то конечный согласный уд ваивается

is less difficult than that one.
It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
This article is the least important of all.
Сравнительная степень образуется с помощью слова more/ less (и предлога than)
Превосходная степень образуется с помощью артикля the и слова most/ least (и предло гов of/in)

school than Pete.
The black costume suits you better than the blue one.
This is the oldest cathedral in the country.
You can find further information on our web-site.

old-older-the oldest (по возрасту)
old-elder-the eldest (по старшенству в семье)
far-farther-the farthest (по расстоянию)
far-further-the furthest (по порядку)
late-later-the latest (по времени)
late-latter-the last (по порядку)

как)

Оборот
.. not so + прилаг + as (не такой как)

Оборот
the + сравнительная степень (чем .. тем)

Оборот
.. much + сравнительная степень + than.. (намного)

They aren’t so strong as he is.
He is not so tall as his brother.

The sooner, the better.
The faster you run, the harder it’s to catch.

This book is much more interesting than that one.

The cake is as tasty as the pie.

смысле

имеющие одинаковое или близкое значение

ощущения человека. Если относится к неодуш-му предмету, имеет значение «удачный, благополучный, радостный»
Jack was extremely happy.
a happy idea
a happy outcome
a happy laughter

lucky
При сочетании с одушевленным сущ-м имеет значение «удачливый, везучий». С неодушевленным сущ-м указывает на случайное, неожиданное, удачное стечение обстояте льств
a lucky fellow
a lucky player
a lucky chance
a lucky guess

fortunate
Прилагательное принадлежит к литера турному стилю и при употреблении с одушевленными сущ-ми передает смысловой оттенок «тот, кому благоп риятствует судьба»
She was fortunate enough to have inherited a small teashop.

Различия в синонимах

счастливый, удачный

clever student
a clever answer
a clever decision

intelligent
Имеет дополнительный оттенок значе ния «высокий интеллект, эрудирован ность»
an intelligent child
an intelligent question
an intelligent remark

smart
Имеет дополни тельный отте нок значения «толковый, на ходчивый, остроумный»
a smart reply
a smart boy
a smart plan

Различия в синонимах

умный, сообразительный

«сильными» синонимами

Was the weather bad? – Yes, it was awful.
Why are they so angry? – They are always furious when they have to wait.
Are you hungry? – Yes, I am starving.

предлогов. Необходимо запоминать какие предлоги употребляются с прилагательными

Прилагательные с предлогом
(of)

proud of
ashamed of
aware of
full of
short of
fond of
capable of
afraid of
terrified of
frightened of
scared of
careful of
certain of
conscious of
tired of
typical of

She is afraid of speaking in public.
We are all capable of speaking English.
He is aware of the situation.
The boy is very proud of his achievements.
The children are fond of singing.
The teacher is tired of so much paperwork.

smth

sensitive to
allergic to
accustomed to
addicted to
attentive to
close to
familiar to
committed to
dedicated to
devoted to
opposed to
married to
engaged to
similar to

kind to someone
generous to
sweet to
polite to
nice to
friendly to
mean to
faithful to
rude to
cruel to
horrible to
nasty to

Her skin is sensitive to the sun.
I am addicted to learning languages.
He is similar to his parents.
My friend is allergic to gluten.
I’ve been married to him for 10 years.
She was kind to me.
It was kind of her to buy me a present.
It was nice of you to arrive and help me.

late for
early for
necessary for
qualified for
responsible for
famous for
ready for
thankful for smth
suitable for
excellent for
good for
bad for

London is famous for being multicultural.
These shoes aren’t suitable for running.
He is responsible for his own success.
Playing memory games is very good for improving your brain functions.
Smoking is bad for your health.
We are sorry for you.
We are sorry for saying those words in
front of the children.

dressed in
rich in
keen on
dependent on
experienced in/at
slow at
fast at
good at smth
bad at
terrible at
awful at

surprised at (by)
amazed at (by)
astonished at (by)
shocked at (by)

I am skilled in physics.
We are keen on tennis.
She is slow at running.
We were shocked by his behaviour.
He is very experienced in business.
My sister is pretty good at sports.

We were amazed at what we saw in this country.
I am not fast at typing.

pleased with
crowded with

concerned about smth/ with someone
excited about smth/ with someone
worried about smth/ with someone
delighted about smth/ with someone
disappointed about smth/ with someone
upset about smth/ with someone
nervous about smth/ with someone

I am busy with a new project.
My teacher is pleased with my progress.
He is excited about going on holiday.
I am fed up with his complaints.
The room was crowded with people.

She was very nervous about speaking in public.
The friends were disappointed with the concert.

irritated about
pleased about
serious about
sorry about

angry with someone for doing something
annoyed with smb for doing smth
furious with smb for doing smth
irritated with smb for doing smth
pleased with smb for doing smth

She is angry with her friend for speaking to them.
She is angry about what happened last week.
He was annoyed with his son for having a party.
He was annoyed about reading the news.
We were pleased with you for passing the exam.
We were pleased about going
to the theatre together.
The man was furious about
having his car broken.

our company.
My friend is strongly opposed to smoking.
Our new product was highly profitable.
The home task is ridiculously easy. I’ll do it in a few minutes.

story!
What an interesting story you’ve told!
What a large room!
What a large room he lives in!
What interesting books you’ve brought!

How interesting!
How interesting it was to look at the rainbow!
How nice of you!
How nice of you it was to bring me some cake.
How difficult!

+ прилаг
(слишком)

прилаг + enough
(достаточно)

It was so nice to see you.
He was so polite.
The bag is so heavy.

It was such a boring day.
He is such a clever boy.
They are such interesting
books.

This room is too large.
This car is too expensive.
The music is too loud.

This room is large enough.
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
The house is not clean enough.

is necessary for me to start now.
It was difficult for us to persuade him.
It was easy for him to translate the word.
It will be hard for them to stop working.
It will be safe for you to write a note.

Конструкция It is .. for.. to do smth используется, когда мы даем совет или высказываем мнение

polite of her to give them a present.
That was so nice of you to bring me the flowers.
That was clever of us to answer him.
It will be rude of Mary to forget his birthday.
It will be generous of her to buy us some food.

Конструкция It is .. of .. to do smth используется, когда мы даем оценку поведения человека

более тесно связаны по смыслу с сущ-ным, ставятся ближе к нему

Порядок
прилагательных

It was a cold autumn day. He is a clever young man. She put on a new black woollen dress. She is a nice old lady. We saw an interesting historical movie.

Существует традиция, согласно которой определяется очередность прилагательных перед существительным. Более 3-х определений в речи используется крайне редко.
мнение – размер – качество – возраст – форма – цвет – происхождение – материал - предназначение

She had an adorable little brown Spaniel. We made a reasonably priced traditional Italian New Year meal. It was a beautiful round brown Italian dining table.