Grammatical Challenges. English-Ukrainian Translation

Август 9, 2022

Главная
Английский язык
Grammatical Challenges. English-Ukrainian Translation

Содержание

2. KEY WORDS Analytic Aspect Case Gender Mood Number Synthetic Tense Voice
3. Distribute the key words according to the following groups: Types of languages Verb Categories Noun Categories
4. Groups English verb has the following grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood English
5. Synthetic vs Analytic Languages
6. Synthetic
7. Analytic
8. word order in analytic and synthetic languages додому йдемо We go home SPO - Subject, Predicate,
9. Grammar
10. Morphology the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in
11. Syntax the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences (sentence structure)
12. Categories grammatical choices are obligatory while lexical choices are optional e.g. ‘He hired a worker’ -
13. Category of Number Phenomenon - phenomena Criterion - criteria Datum - data
14. Category of Number Analysis - analyses Diagnosis - diagnoses Oasis - oases Thesis - theses Crisis
15. Category of Number The news is at 6.30 p.m. Athletics is good for young people. Linguistics
16. Category of Number I caught three fish I read a book about freshwater fishes of New
17. Category of Number I can give you a piece of advice (some advice) There was some
18. Special Plural Nouns You can use singular or plural with nouns like family, class, police, team,
19. Category of Gender ‘How’s your new car?’ ‘Terrific. She’s running beautifully.’ The ship’s struck a rock.
20. Category of Gender One night there flew over the city a little Swallow. His friends had
21. Translation Одного вечора у місто залетіло Ластів’я-Серпокрилець. Його друзів же шість тижнів тому відлетіли у теплі
22. Category of Case English nouns have only two cases – the common case (the uninflected form)
23. Category of Case E.g. Mary and Ann's room the man over there's dog
24. Possessive Case can mean: 1) належність (Peter’s bicycle); 2) особисті або суспільні стосунки (Peter’s wife); 3)
25. Category of Person I We You Ти Ви He She They It
26. Category of Person John has met his teacher. (1) Джон зустрів свого вчителя. Джон зустрів його
27. Challenging aspects Tense aspect forms Sequence of tenses Passive Voice Modal verbs Conditional sentences Non-finite constructions
28. Tense aspect forms Though the lethal effects of the latest Middle East war have so far
29. Tense aspect forms It is implementation of the dozens of UN resolutions that Israel has flouted
30. Sequence of tenses The Israeli army claimed it had killed 10 Hizbullah guerrillas and captured five
31. Sequence of tenses ‘I’m not knocking the people of Indiana,’ Lake said at one point. ‘In
32. Passive Voice He rose to speak and was warmly greeted by the audience. Він піднявся, щоб
33. Passive Voice Many are called and but few are chosen. Багато людей хочуть добитися чогось, але
34. Modal verbs habitual volitional actions: After this accidents he will lock himself and not show off.
35. Modal verbs She could paint landscapes. Can he have said it? He must know all about
36. Conditional sentences If they had left 5 minutes earlier they could have caught this train. If
37. Non-finite constructions Complex Object I saw him cross the street. Я бачив, що він переходив вулицю.
38. Complex Subject He was seen to cross the street. Бачили, що він переходив вулицю. He was
39. For-to infinitive construction It is important for you to go there at once. Тобі негайно треба
41. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

KEY WORDS
Analytic
Aspect
Case
Gender
Mood
Number
Synthetic
Tense
Voice

Слайд 3

Distribute the key words according to the following groups:
Types of languages
Verb

Categories
Noun Categories

Слайд 4

Groups
English verb has the following grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect,

voice and mood
English noun has the following grammatical categories: number, case

Слайд 5

Synthetic vs Analytic Languages

Слайд 6

Synthetic

Слайд 7

Analytic

Слайд 8

word order in analytic and synthetic languages
додому йдемо
We go home
SPO -

Subject, Predicate, Object

Слайд 9

Grammar

Слайд 10

Morphology
the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship

to other words in the same language
analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes
Considers parts of speech, intonation and stress, and the ways context can change a word's pronunciation and meaning

Слайд 11

Syntax
the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure

of sentences (sentence structure) in a given language, usually including word order

Слайд 12

Categories
grammatical choices are obligatory while lexical choices are optional
e.g. ‘He

hired a worker’ - no indication of the gender of a person, such information is obligatory in Ukrainian or Russian:
Найняв працівника/працівницю
Нанял рабочего / работницу

Слайд 13

Category of Number
Phenomenon - phenomena
Criterion - criteria
Datum - data

Слайд 14

Category of Number
Analysis - analyses
Diagnosis - diagnoses
Oasis - oases
Thesis - theses
Crisis -

crises

Слайд 15

Category of Number
The news is at 6.30 p.m.
Athletics is good for

young people.
Linguistics is the study of language.
Darts is a popular game in England.
Billiards is played all over the world.

Слайд 16

Category of Number
I caught three fish
I read a book about freshwater

fishes of New Zealand

Слайд 17

Category of Number
I can give you a piece of advice (some

advice)
There was some money on the table
The police lack basic equipment and personnel
Fifteen-year-old kids

Слайд 18

Special Plural Nouns
You can use singular or plural with nouns like

family, class, police, team, army, band, choir, class, club, crew, company, firm, gang, government, orchestra, party, staff, etc. In British English the plural is used more often than in American English.
If the group acts in unison (as a group), use a singular verb:
My family lives in Miami. All the members living under one roof.
The team was successful. You see the team as a group.
If the group acts individually, use a plural verb:
My family live in towns all over Florida. Each individual is living a separate life in a different town.
The team were successful. You see the single members of the team.

Слайд 19

Category of Gender
‘How’s your new car?’ ‘Terrific. She’s running beautifully.’
The ship’s

struck a rock. She’s sinking.
France has decided to increase her/its trade with Romania.
I came into the room. – Я зайшов / зайшла в кімнату.
It is wonderful. – Він / Вона / Воно прекрасний / прекрасна / прекрасне.

Слайд 20

Category of Gender
One night there flew over the city a little

Swallow. His friends had gone away to Egypt six weeks before, but he had stayed behind, for he was in love with the most beautiful Reed. He had met her early in the spring
“The Happy Prince” by Oscar Wilde

Слайд 21

Translation
Одного вечора у місто залетіло Ластів’я-Серпокрилець. Його друзів же шість тижнів

тому відлетіли у теплі краї, до Єгипту, а він залишився, бо був закоханий у найпрекраснішу Очеретинку. Він побачив її ще навесні.
Якось уночі над містом пролітала Ластівка. Її подруги ось уже шість тижнів як подалися до Єгипту, а вона відстала, бо закохалася в чудовий Очерет. Уперше вона зустрілася з Очеретом навесні.

Слайд 22

Category of Case
English nouns have only two cases – the common

case (the uninflected form) and the possessive case (the 's inflected form).
Ukr. nouns we may have 6 or 7 cases, marked singular or plural oppositions in the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative and vocative case.

Слайд 23

Category of Case
E.g. Mary and Ann's room
the man over there's dog

Слайд 24

Possessive Case can mean:
1) належність (Peter’s bicycle);
2) особисті або суспільні стосунки (Peter’s wife);
3) авторство

(Peter’s poem);
4) походження або джерело (the sun’s rays);
5) вид або тип (ladies’ hats);
6) відношення цілого до його частини (Peter’s hand);
7) відносини суб’єкта дії (Peter’s arrival);
8) відносини об’єкта дії (Peter’s being sent);
9) характеристика (her mother’s care);
10) одиниця виміру (a night’s reflection; a mile’s distance).

Слайд 25

Category of Person
I We
You Ти Ви
He
She They
It

Слайд 26

Category of Person
John has met his teacher.
(1) Джон зустрів свого вчителя.
Джон зустрів

його вчителя.
He washed his face.
He broke his leg.

Слайд 27

Challenging aspects
Tense aspect forms
Sequence of tenses
Passive Voice
Modal verbs
Conditional sentences
Non-finite constructions
The structure

of sentences and texts

Слайд 28

Tense aspect forms
Though the lethal effects of the latest Middle East

war have so far been confined to Lebanon and northern parts of Israel, there are few who imagine it is really a self-contained conflict.
Хоча жахливі наслідки останньої війни на Близькому Сході поки-що відчутні тільки в Лівані та північній частині Ізраїлю, однак мало хто вважає, що цей конфлікт має обмежений характер.

Слайд 29

Tense aspect forms
It is implementation of the dozens of UN resolutions

that Israel has flouted for more than 50 years with protection from the US – and now from Britain – that will stop this conflict.
Сáме виконання чисельних резолюцій Організації Об’єднаних Націй, якими Ізраїль за підтримки США (а зараз і Великобританії) ігнорує протягом більш ніж 50 років, зупинить цей конфлікт.

Слайд 30

Sequence of tenses
The Israeli army claimed it had killed 10 Hizbullah

guerrillas and captured five in the eastern city of Baalbek, 80 miles north of the border.
За повідомленнями ізраїльських військових, на сході країни в місті Баальбек, у 80 кілометрах від кордону, було вбито десять бойовиків руху Хезбола і захоплено в полон ще п’ять.

Слайд 31

Sequence of tenses
‘I’m not knocking the people of Indiana,’ Lake said

at one point. ‘In fact, they had the wisdom to return Mr. Tarry to private life after only one term. They knew he was doing a terrible job. That’s why only thirty-eight percent of them voted for him when he asked for four more years.’
Вони знають, що він працює препогано.

Слайд 32

Passive Voice
He rose to speak and was warmly greeted by the

audience.
Він піднявся, щоб виступити, і присутні тепло привітали його.
He was wined and dined.
Його тепло приймали.

Слайд 33

Passive Voice
Many are called and but few are chosen.
Багато людей хочуть

добитися чогось, але тільки окремим це вдається. [бібл. Багато бо покликаних, але вибраних мало (Євангеліє від Матея 22:14)]
More sinned against than sinning.
Радше жертва, аніж грішник. [У. Шекспір „Король Лір” ІІІ, 2: „Я не так / перед другими грешен, как другие – / Передо мной” – Переклад Б. Пастернака]

Слайд 34

Modal verbs
habitual volitional actions:
After this accidents he will lock himself

and not show off. – Після того нещастя він став замикатись в собі і не показуватись.
In the afternoon he would go out alone and walk for hours. – Після полудня він, бувало, йшов із дому і годинами не вертався з прогулянки.

Слайд 35

Modal verbs
She could paint landscapes.
Can he have said it?
He must know

all about it as he has read a lot on the subject.
Він зміг дістатися вершини гори.
Напевно, вони не зрозуміли один одного.

Слайд 36

Conditional sentences
If they had left 5 minutes earlier they could have

caught this train.
If my brother could swim well he would take part in this competition.
Якби вони пішли п’ятьма хвилинами раніше, вони б встигли на цей поїзд.
Якби мій брат вмів добре плавати, він взяв би участь у цьому змаганні.

Слайд 37

Non-finite constructions Complex Object
I saw him cross the street.
Я бачив, що він

переходив вулицю.
I saw him crossing the street.
Я бачив, як він переходив вулицю.
I shall have him do that.
Я заставлю / попрошу його зробити це. Я передам / організую, щоб він зробив це.

Слайд 38

Complex Subject
He was seen to cross the street.
Бачили, що він переходив

вулицю.
He was seen crossing the street
Бачили, як він переходив вулицю.

Слайд 39

For-to infinitive construction
It is important for you to go there at

once.
Тобі негайно треба йти туди.
The best thing for you is to go there by plane.
Тобі найкраще летіти туди літаком.
There’s nobody here for him to play with.
Там нема нікого, з ким він міг би гратися.

Grammatical Challenges. English-Ukrainian Translation

Содержание

KEY WORDSAnalyticAspectCaseGenderMoodNumberSyntheticTenseVoice

Distribute the key words according to the following groups:Types of languagesVerb

GroupsEnglish verb has the following grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect,

Synthetic vs Analytic Languages

Synthetic

Analytic

word order in analytic and synthetic languagesдодому йдемоWe go homeSPO -

Grammar

Morphology the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship

Syntax the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure

Categoriesgrammatical choices are obligatory while lexical choices are optional e.g. ‘He

Category of NumberPhenomenon - phenomenaCriterion - criteriaDatum - data

Category of NumberAnalysis - analysesDiagnosis - diagnosesOasis - oasesThesis - thesesCrisis -

Category of NumberThe news is at 6.30 p.m.Athletics is good for

Category of NumberI caught three fishI read a book about freshwater

Category of NumberI can give you a piece of advice (some

Special Plural Nouns You can use singular or plural with nouns like

Category of Gender‘How’s your new car?’ ‘Terrific. She’s running beautifully.’The ship’s

Category of GenderOne night there flew over the city a little

TranslationОдного вечора у місто залетіло Ластів’я-Серпокрилець. Його друзів же шість тижнів

Category of CaseEnglish nouns have only two cases – the common

Category of CaseE.g. Mary and Ann's roomthe man over there's dog

Possessive Case can mean:1) належність (Peter’s bicycle);2) особисті або суспільні стосунки (Peter’s wife);3) авторство

Category of Person I WeYou Ти Ви HeShe TheyIt

Category of PersonJohn has met his teacher.(1) Джон зустрів свого вчителя.Джон зустрів

Challenging aspectsTense aspect formsSequence of tensesPassive VoiceModal verbsConditional sentencesNon-finite constructionsThe structure

Tense aspect forms Though the lethal effects of the latest Middle East

Tense aspect formsIt is implementation of the dozens of UN resolutions

Sequence of tenses The Israeli army claimed it had killed 10 Hizbullah

Sequence of tenses‘I’m not knocking the people of Indiana,’ Lake said

Passive Voice He rose to speak and was warmly greeted by the

Passive Voice Many are called and but few are chosen.Багато людей хочуть

Modal verbs habitual volitional actions: After this accidents he will lock himself

Modal verbs She could paint landscapes.Can he have said it?He must know

Conditional sentences If they had left 5 minutes earlier they could have

Non-finite constructions Complex ObjectI saw him cross the street.Я бачив, що він

Complex SubjectHe was seen to cross the street.Бачили, що він переходив

For-to infinitive constructionIt is important for you to go there at

Похожие презентации