Great Britain Government and Politics

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By-elections take place when a seat in the House of Commons becomes vacant between general elections.

By-elections

take place when a seat in the House of Commons

becomes vacant between general elections.
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Reasons

Reasons

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'Moving the Writ' a motion moved in the House of Commons

'Moving the Writ'

a motion moved in the House of Commons

Chamber
initiated by the Chief Whip of MP whose seat becomes vacant.
The Speaker puts the question to the House for a decision.
If agreed it becomes an Order for the Speaker
Clerk of the Crown who then sends the writ to the relevant Returning Officer.
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Private Members' Bills Public Bills introduced by MPs and Lords who are not government ministers.

Private Members' Bills

Public Bills introduced by MPs and Lords who are

not government ministers.
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Purpose and Introduction Purpose: to change the law as it applies

Purpose and Introduction

Purpose: to change the law as it applies to

the general population.
can be introduced in either House;
must go through the set stages
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Bills In the House of Commons Three ways of introducing: The

Bills In the House of Commons

Three ways of introducing:
The Ballot
The names

of Members applying for a Bill are drawn in a ballot held on the second sitting Thursday.
The Ten Minute Rule
Members make speeches outlining their position, which another Member may oppose in a similar short statement.
Presentation
Members formally introduce the title of the Bill but do not speak in support of it.
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Bills in the Lords are introduced through a ballot held on

Bills in the Lords

are introduced through a ballot held on the

day after State Opening of a new session;
if an MP supports the Bill, it continues in the Commons;
Lord Bills are of a lesser priority.
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The Shadow Cabinet the team of senior spokespeople chosen by the

The Shadow Cabinet

the team of senior spokespeople chosen by the

Leader of the Opposition.
mirrors the Cabinet in Government.
Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition
Each member:
leads on a specific policy area;
questions and challenges their counterpart in the Cabinet.
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An Alderman a senior member of a local authority, elected by

An Alderman

a senior member of a local authority, elected by its

directly elected members.
phased out by the Local Government Act 1972.
Today
active rank – only in the City of London;
honorary rank – county, district, and London borough councils.
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White-collar Worker a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work.

White-collar Worker

a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work.
performed

in an office or other administrative setting.
Some others
a blue collar – non-agricultural manual labour;
a pink-collar – in the service industry;
a green-collar – in the environmental sectors of the economy.