John Constable

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John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an

John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an

English Romantic painter. His most famous paintings include Dedham Vale of 1802 and The Hay Wain in 1821.
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Although his paintings are very popular nowadays in British art, he

Although his paintings are very popular nowadays in British art, he

was never financially successful. He didn’t become a member of the establishment until he was elected to the Royal Academy at the age of 52.
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Early career John Constable was born in East Bergholt, a village

Early career

John Constable was born in East Bergholt, a village on

the River Stour in Suffolk, to Golding and Ann Constable.
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His father was a wealthy corn merchant, owner of Flatford Mill

His father was a wealthy corn merchant, owner of Flatford Mill

in East Bergholt and, later, Dedham Mill. Golding Constable also owned his own small ship.
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Constable was his parents' second son, his older brother was mentally

Constable was his parents' second son, his older brother was mentally

handicapped and so John was expected to succeed his father in the business.
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In his youth, Constable embarked on amateur sketching trips in the

In his youth, Constable embarked on amateur sketching trips in the

surrounding Suffolk countryside that was to become the subject of a large proportion of his art.
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His early style has many of the qualities associated with his

His early style has many of the qualities associated with his

mature work, including a freshness of light, colour and touch, and reveals the compositional influence of the Old Masters he had studied, notably of Claude Lorrain.
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Constable's usual subjects, scenes of ordinary daily life, were unfashionable in

Constable's usual subjects, scenes of ordinary daily life, were unfashionable in

an age that looked for more romantic visions of wild landscapes and ruins.
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Art Constable quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists

Art

Constable quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists to

use their imagination to compose their pictures rather than nature itself.
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Constable painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes in order

Constable painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes in order

to test the composition in advance of finished pictures. These large sketches continue to interest artists, scholars and the general public.
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Constable's watercolours were also remarkably free for their time: the almost

Constable's watercolours were also remarkably free for their time: the almost

mystical Stonehenge, 1835, with its double rainbow, is often considered to be one of the greatest watercolours ever painted.