Lexical Stylistic Devices. Simile

Июль 25, 2022

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Lexical Stylistic Devices. Simile

Содержание

2. Сравнение Simile
3. Simile is an image-forming stylistic device in which two unlike things are explicitly compared by the
4. My heart is like a singing bird (Rossetti). heart singing bird
5. Simile X is like Y X is similar to Y
6. “O my Luve’s like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June; O my Luve’s
7. A simile has different forms. A simile can be a simple sentence: She was like a
8. It can also be a compound word: Dog-like hungry-looking
9. A simile in which the author gives a detailed description of an imaginary situation, enlarging the
10. They eased me through a door as if I were a millionaire invalid with four days
11. A little after midnight Dolores Lane came in and stood holding a microphone the way a
12. as mad as a march hare, as cool as a cucumber, as blind as a bat,
13. It is important to distinguish between: She sings like nightingale. Our agricultural reform is as slow
14. Comment on the use of similes. The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and
15. Comment on the use of similes. And a billion monarch butterflies in June rising up like
16. “The very mystery of him excited her curiosity like a door that had neither lock nor
17. It was as though an iron fist had clenched suddenly around Harry's heart. (J.K. Rowling)
18. Huddled in her grey fur against the sofa cushions, she had a strange resemblance to a
19. It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as you care to take it.
20. “Time has not stood still. It has washed over me, washed me away, as if I’m
21. Metaphor
22. The similarity can concern any feature (colour, shape, character of motion, speed, value etc.) – the
23. The rain came down in long knitting needles. Enid Bagnold, National Velvet
24. The last colours of sunset, green and gold like the rice, were dripping over the edge
25. Metaphors can also be trite (dead) or fresh (original). A flight of imagination, to burn with
26. Both objects are named Formal connected words He is as stubborn as a mule. Only one
27. Sustained metaphors - a chain of metaphors containg the central image which is followed by another,
29. Personification
30. Personification Personification is a type of metaphor when human qualities are attributed to lifeless objects (inanimate
31. Some formal signs can signal personification: The use of pronouns he or she with lifeless things;
33. O stretch thy reign, fair Peace! Pope
34. Comment on the use of metaphors. We talked and talked and talked, easily, sympathetically, wedding her
35. “Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they are the charming gardeners who
36. “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” –William Shakespeare
37. “Books are the mirrors of the soul.” – Virginia Woolf
38. “But it is just two lovers, holding hands and in a hurry to reach their car,
39. "In the slanting beams that streamed through the open window the dust danced and was golden,"
40. Метонимия Metonymy
41. Metonymy is based not on identification as a metaphor, but on some connection between two concepts.
42. Metonymy is a transfer of a name of one object to another object wihich is connected
43. Metaphor is a transfer by similarity, while metonymy is a transfer by contiguity!
44. ‘The round game table was boisterous and happy.’ (Dickens)
45. The associations of connection may be of different type: Object – material it is made of;
46. The kettle is boiling. “Will you have another cup?” The gallery applauded. The pen is mightier
48. "As the sword is the worst argument that can be used, so should it be the
49. "The camp, the pulpit and the law For rich men's sons are free." (Shelley)
51. "Miss Tox's hand trembled as she slipped it through Mr. Dombey's arm, and felt herself escorted
52. "Then they came in. Two of them, a man with long fair moustaches and a silent
53. He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I. Show)
54. Let us turn swords into ploughs.
56. Скачать презентацию

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Сравнение
Simile

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Simile is an image-forming stylistic device in which two unlike things

are explicitly compared by the use of conjunctions like, as, as if, as though or verbs to resemble, to bear a resemblance to, to remind of, to have a look of etc.

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My heart is like a singing bird (Rossetti).
heart
singing bird

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Simile
X is like Y
X is similar to Y

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“O my Luve’s like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in

June; O my Luve’s like the melodie That’s sweetly played in tune.”

Robert Burns

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A simile has different forms.
A simile can be a simple sentence:

She was like a tigress ready to jump at me.
He rolled to the front like a brunette polar bear, and shook Platt’s hand.

Or a complex sentence:
She looked at him as uncomprehendingly as a mouse might look at a gravestone (O’Brian)

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It can also be a compound word:
Dog-like
hungry-looking

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A simile in which the author gives a detailed description of

an imaginary situation, enlarging the simile.

Sustained (extended) simile

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They eased me through a door as if I were a

millionaire invalid with four days to live, and who hadn't as yet paid his doctor's bill. (Chase)

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A little after midnight Dolores Lane came in and stood holding

a microphone the way a drowning man hangs on to a lifebelt.

(Chase)

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as mad as a march hare, as cool as a cucumber,

as blind as a bat, as proud as a peacock, as bright as a button etc, as drunk as a lord, to fit like a glove, to smoke like a chimney etc.

Similes which have become so frequent in use, which are used as idiomatic expressions in everyday phrases are called trite similes:

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It is important to distinguish between:
She sings like nightingale.
Our agricultural reform

is as slow as a snail.

She sings like a professional singer.
The reforms are as slow as they were last year.

a simile

a logical comparison

has no stylistic value!

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Comment on the use of similes.
The ruby shall be redder than

a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. (Wilde)

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Comment on the use of similes.
And a billion monarch butterflies in

June rising up like celebrations tossed on parades to the sea. (Ray Bradbury)

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“The very mystery of him excited her curiosity like a door

that had neither lock nor key.” Gone With The Wind by Margaret Mitchell.

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It was as though an iron fist had clenched suddenly around

Harry's heart. (J.K. Rowling)

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Huddled in her grey fur against the sofa cushions, she had

a strange resemblance to a captive owl, bunched in its soft feathers against the wires of a cage. (Galsworthy)

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It was a glorious morning, late spring or early summer, as

you care to take it. when the dainty sheen of grass and leaf is blushing to a deeper green: and the year seems like a fair young maid trembling with strange, wakening pulses on the brink of womanhood. (Jerome K. Jerome)

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“Time has not stood still. It has washed over me, washed

me away, as if I’m nothing more than a woman of sand, left by a careless child too near the water.” The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood.

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Metaphor

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The similarity can concern any feature (colour, shape, character of motion,

speed, value etc.) – the reader should search in his mind to find features in common between these objects.

Metaphor is expressive renaming on the basis of similarity of two objects.

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The rain came down in long knitting needles.
Enid Bagnold, National

Velvet

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The last colours of sunset, green and gold like the rice,

were dripping over the edge of the flat world... (Graham Greene)

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Metaphors can also be trite (dead) or fresh (original).
A flight of

imagination, to burn with desire, the apple of one’s pie, to fish for compliments etc.
What’s biting her, I wonder? (Chase)
(trite metaphors)

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Both objects are named
Formal connected words
He is as stubborn as a

mule.

Only one object is named
No connecting words
He is a mule.

A simile

A metaphor

It is important to distinguish between:

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Sustained metaphors - a chain of metaphors containg the central image

which is followed by another, the logical development of the first element.

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Personification

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Personification
Personification is a type of metaphor when human qualities are attributed

to lifeless objects (inanimate concrete nouns or abstract notions).
The long arm of the law will catch him at the end.

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Some formal signs can signal personification:
The use of pronouns he or

she with lifeless things;
Words which express personifed notion can begin with capital letters;
Direct address can be used.

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O stretch thy reign, fair Peace!
Pope

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Comment on the use of metaphors.
We talked and talked and talked,

easily, sympathetically, wedding her experience with my articulation. (John Barth)

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“Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they

are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.” Marcel Proust

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“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women

merely players.” –William Shakespeare

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“Books are the mirrors of the soul.” – Virginia Woolf

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“But it is just two lovers, holding hands and in a

hurry to reach their car, their locked hands a starfish leaping through the dark.” – John Updike

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"In the slanting beams that streamed through the open window the

dust danced and was golden," (O. Wilde)

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Метонимия
Metonymy

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Metonymy is based not on identification as a metaphor, but on

some connection between two concepts.

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Metonymy is a transfer of a name of one object to

another object wihich is connected to the first, related to it or is a part of it (transfer by contiguity).

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Metaphor is a transfer by similarity, while metonymy is a transfer

by contiguity!

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‘The round game table was boisterous and happy.’ (Dickens)

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The associations of connection may be of different type:
Object – material

it is made of;
An item of clothing – a person wearing it;
A container – what is inside;
A place and the people who occupy this place;
A part of the body – a person;
A process – its result;
A name of a tool – a name of an action performed by this tool or the doer of the action;
Symbol – the object symbolized etc.

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