Slang. Difference between Jargon, slang and cant

Июль 21, 2022

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Slang. Difference between Jargon, slang and cant

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2. The definition of Slang Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not
3. Defining slang A type of language consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very
4. Difference between Jargon, slang and cant Jargon usually means the specialized language used by people in
5. Extent and origins of slang During the Middle Ages, certain writers such as Jeoffrey Chaucer, William
6. Extent and origins of slang The 18th century slang was beginning to be presented in popular
7. Extent and origins of slang It was not until the early 1920’s that slang had gained
9. General and special slang General slang includes words that are not specific for any social or
10. Types of slang Cockney Rhyming slang (the East End of London): Nails → Monkey’s tails →
11. Polari Polari (or alternatively Parlare, Parlary, Palare, Palarie, Palari; from Italian parlare, "to talk") is a
12. Internet slang Internet users have developed many slang terms over the years. Most of these are
13. The Viral Words You Need To Know If you're keeping it 100, you're acting in a
14. Viral words Use this response when you 100% agree with a statement. One-hundred percent = hundo
15. Viral words JOMO, aka "the joy of missing out." Because sometimes, there's nothing sweeter than curling
16. Viral words No, this doesn't describe an aggressive barnyard animal. Goat is actually an acronym for
17. Viral words To be exceptionally bitter or agitated. This particular irritation typically stems from a past
18. Viral words If you use Instagram and follow celebrities, you have surely seen a few "FB!"
19. Viral words TD stands for "to die." Most often used when something is too amazing and
20. Viral words To delete someone, or something, out of your life. It's often used in the
21. Viral words The new way to greet your group of close friends, or even an individual
22. Viral words Anyone who isn’t necessary to the situation. Or someone who you or your friends
23. Quiz Choose the correct definition for the slang below: 1) Lush (adj): a) rich; b) very
24. Quiz 2) minging (adj): a) smth that sounds very good; b) tasty; c) very ugly. 3)
25. Quiz 4) bare: a) very bad; b) a lot of; very much; c) the minimum; very
26. Answers to the quiz: Lush – very good; Minging – very ugly; Epic – excellent, the
27. Regional slang "John's missus is flat out bangin'. But she was tampin' the other day 'cause
28. Interpretation John's girlfriend is really pretty. But she got mad with him the other day because
29. Money slang Used by markets, street traders, crime and underworld, the docks, taxi-cab driving, the immigrant
30. Slang dictionaries Dictionaries of slang contain elements from areas of substandard speech such as vulgarisms, jargonisms,
31. Dictionaries of Slang The first work to record English slang was published as B.E.'s Dictionary of
33. Why do people use it? To be picturesque, arresting, striking and, above all, different from others;
34. Ways of slang formation Different figures of speech: “Trip” - psychedelic experience resulting from the drug
35. Grammar of spoken English 1. There are less words in French than in English. 2. You
37. Скачать презентацию

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The definition of Slang
Slang is the use of informal words and

expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered acceptable in certain social settings.
Slang expressions may act as:
euphemisms;
a means of identifying with one's peers.

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Defining slang
A type of language consisting of words and phrases

that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people (Oxford Dictionary)
Words that are not considered part of the standard vocabulary of a language and that are used very informally in speech especially by a particular group of people or
An informal nonstandard vocabulary composed typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words, and extravagant, forced, or facetious figures of speech (Merriam Webster Dictionary)

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Difference between Jargon, slang and cant
Jargon usually means the specialized language used

by people in the same work or profession and it is used:
to exclude non–group members from the conversation;
to allow its users to talk precisely about technical issues in any given field;
Cant is a language specific to a particular group or profession and regarded with disparagement: thieves' cant

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Extent and origins of slang
During the Middle Ages, certain writers such

as Jeoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, and William of Malmesbury represented the regional differences in pronunciations and dialects. The different dialects and the different pronunciations represented the first meaning for the term “slang.”
The present-day meaning for slang did not begin forming until the 16th or 17th century. The English Criminal Cant developed in the 16th century. It was a new kind of speech used by criminals and cheats. Out of the four million people who spoke English, only about ten thousand spoke the English Criminal Cant.
The English Criminal Cant was at first believed to be foreign, meaning scholars thought that it had either originated in Romania or had a relationship to French. By the end of the 16th century this new style of speaking was considered to be a language “without reason or order” (Thorne 23). During the 18th century schoolmasters taught pupils to believe that the English Criminal Cant (which by this time had developed into slang) was not the correct usage of English and slang was considered to be taboo.

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Extent and origins of slang
The 18th century slang was beginning to

be presented in popular plays. The first appearance of the slang was in a play by Richard Brome’s and later appeared in poems and songs by J. Copland.
By the 1700’s the cultural differences in America had begun to influence the English-speaking population, and slang began to expand.
Almost all of the slang words during this time were anatomical and well known all through Britain and in America due to the British colonists.
By this time scholars such as Walt Whitman, W. D. Whitney, and Brander Matthews all considered slang to be anything that sounded new, and that was not in the “glossaries of British dialects” (Thorne 26). Walt Whitman consider slang to be the life of the language. Whitman wrote “that slang was a wholesome.....of common humanity to escape the form bald literalism, and express itself illimitably” (Thorne 26).

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Extent and origins of slang
It was not until the early 1920’s

that slang had gained the interest of popular writers. It was during the post-World War I era that society gained new attitudes about slang. There was now a demand for entertainment, mass media, and slangy fiction.
Today modern British and American slang has been shaped and reshaped by the different cultures and the emergence of technology, which has left our society with varieties of slang from extremes like Street/Drug Slang to African-American Slang.

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General and special slang
General slang includes words that are not

specific for any social or professional group, whereas special slang is peculiar for some such group: teenager slang, university slang, public school slang, Air Force slang, football slang, sport slang, sea slang, and so on
General slang:
make one’s bones-убивать кого-нибудь,
old flame-старая любовь,
burpwater-газировка.
Sport (special) slang:
zebra-рефери.

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Types of slang
Cockney Rhyming slang
(the East End of London):
Nails →

Monkey’s tails → tails
Wig → Farmer’s pig → pig
Pub → bath tub → tub
Head → loaf of bread → bread
Feet → plates of meat → plates
Mariah Carey → scary
Calvin Klein → wine
Barack Obama → pyjamas
Dark → Jurassic Park

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Polari
Polari (or alternatively Parlare, Parlary, Palare, Palarie,
Palari; from Italian parlare, "to talk") is a form of cant slang used in Britain by actors,

circus and fairground showmen, merchant navy sailors, criminals, prostitutes, and the gay subculture:
aunt nell – listen, hear;
aunt nell danglers – ear-rings;
bona nochy - goodnight (from Italian - buona notte);
chicken – a young man;
clobber – clothes.
.

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Internet slang
Internet users have developed many slang terms over

the years. Most of these are not actually acronyms as they cannot be pronounced, but that is what they are called nonetheless. There are also examples of lexical abbreviations. Many of these terms originated for saving keystrokes:
Be back soon → BBC
Have a nice day → HAND
To be honest → TBO
Please leave me alone → PF*O
Probably → prolly
Never mind → n/m
Whatever → w/e

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The Viral Words You Need To Know
If you're keeping it 100,

you're acting in a way that's true to yourself
and aligned with your values, as well as being respectful to others.
Larry Wilmore always kept it 100 during his daily TV show segment.

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Viral words
Use this response when you 100% agree with a statement.

One-hundred percent = hundo p. Only use it when you are positive about something. "Do you think you're going to go to the party tonight?" "Hundo p — let's split an Uber."

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Viral words
JOMO, aka "the joy of missing out." Because sometimes, there's

nothing sweeter than curling up in bed with a book on a Friday night, even as the city parties and swirls around you. *passes by a line of people waiting to get into a club on a slushy weekend in February* You: Ah. Sweet, sweet, JOMO.

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Viral words
No, this doesn't describe an aggressive barnyard animal. Goat is

actually an acronym for "Greatest of All Time." The term's actually been used to describe athletes since the 1990s, and pops up in hip hop tracks. You: "I'm the goat." Me: *raise single eyebrow skeptically*

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Viral words
To be exceptionally bitter or agitated. This particular irritation typically

stems from a past event that you still haven't gotten over. Melissa didn't ask me to be her bridesmaid even though she promised me she would while we were in college, and I'm totally salty about it.

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Viral words
If you use Instagram and follow celebrities, you have surely

seen a few "FB!" and "LB" messages in their comments sections. It actually means "follow back," while LB means "like back." The purpose of writing these is to get more likes and followers on your Instagram page. "Why does every photo on Kylie Jenner's account say 'LBLBLBLBLBLB'?" "Oh, those are teens begging for people to visit their Instagram pages and like their photos."

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Viral words
TD stands for "to die." Most often used when something

is too amazing and you’re worried you might just…die. “Do you like this jacket on me?" "It's TD. Buy it."

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Viral words
To delete someone, or something, out of your life. It's

often used in the past tense. "Have you talked to that guy from Tinder?" "Nah, it's cancelled."

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Viral words
The new way to greet your group of close friends,

or even an individual friend. "Hey, fam." Or "Sup, fam."

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Viral words
Anyone who isn’t necessary to the situation. Or someone who

you or your friends don’t know or like. “Do you know who that is?” “No, he’s extra.”

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Quiz
Choose the correct definition for the slang below:
1) Lush (adj):
a)

rich;
b) very good;
c) drunk

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Quiz
2) minging (adj):
a) smth that sounds very good;
b) tasty;
c) very ugly.
3)

epic (adj):
a)very long and boring;
b) excellent, the best;
c) Frightening or scary.

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Quiz
4) bare:
a) very bad;
b) a lot of; very much;
c) the minimum;

very little.
5) totes:
a)an informal way of saying “hello” or “high”;
b) totally or completely given as a sign of agreement;
c) socks.

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Answers to the quiz:
Lush – very good;
Minging – very ugly;
Epic –

excellent, the best;
Bare – a lot of, very much;
Totes – totally or completely, given as a sign of agreement.

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Regional slang
"John's missus is flat out bangin'. But she was tampin'

the other day 'cause he bombed her out for the boys instead of going to the cinema. She started mouthing. It was hilarious."
(Bishopston Comprehensive School, Swansea, Wales)
"John's chick is proper buff but she switched on her man the other day 'cos he wanted to jam with his bred'rins instead of taking her out to the cinema. She was proper vexed and dust out. It was bare jokes."
(Phoenix High School, Shepherds Bush, West London)
"John's girlfriend is pure stunnin'. But she was ragin' cos he dogged her out of it to got to the pictures with his muckers. She pure went into one and booted. It was some craic."
(St Cecilia's College, Londonderry, Northern Ireland)
"John's girlfriend is well fit. But... he wanna chill out wid his m8s rather than take her to the film. She got like well lairy and she legged it. LOL."
(Rodborough School, Godalming, Surrey)

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Interpretation
John's girlfriend is really pretty. But she got mad with
him the

other day because he wanted to hang out with
his friends rather than take her to the cinema. She got
really angry and stormed off. It was very funny.

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Money slang
Used by markets, street traders, crime and underworld, the

docks, taxi-cab driving,
the immigrant communities:
Bread or Dough: money in general
(on the analogy of it being a staple of life);
Dead presidents: paper money
(from the portraits of various former US presidents that usually distinguish bills of various denominations);
Cabbage or Lettuce: paper money
(from its color);
Fins: five-dollar bills;
Bag of sand (grand): one thousand pounds;
Big Ben: ten pounds

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Slang dictionaries
Dictionaries of slang contain elements from areas of substandard speech

such as vulgarisms, jargonisms, taboo words, curse-words, colloquialisms, etc.

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Dictionaries of Slang
The first work to record English slang was published

as B.E.'s Dictionary of the Canting Crew in 1699.
Modern works include:
Eric Partridge's famous Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (1937; most recently edited by Paul Beale, 2002),
The Oxford Dictionary of Slang (edited by John Ayto, 1998),
The Slang Thesaurus (2nd edition, edited by Jonathon Green, 1999),
the Cassell Dictionary of Slang (also edited by Jonathon Green, 2000).

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Why do people use it?
To be picturesque, arresting, striking and, above

all, different from others;
To avoid the tedium of outmoded hackneyed "common" words;
To demonstrate one's spiritual independence and daring;
To sound "modern" and "up-to-date".

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Ways of slang formation
Different figures of speech:
“Trip” - psychedelic experience

resulting from the drug LSD (metaphor);
"Funky" – stink (a very low term for body odour) → the best (elevation);
Rhyming: “girl” → “twist and twirl”;
Compounding: “faceache” – a miserable looking person;
Abbreviation: “OTL”→ out to lunch → out of touch with reality;
Building up phrasal verbs by conversion from word groups using “out, off, on”: “blow off” – ignore.

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Grammar of spoken English
1. There are less words in French than

in English.
2. You should of come with us on holiday!
3. So I’m like ‘What are you doing?’ and she’s like ‘What do you think I’m doing?’
4. There’s lots of different possibilities.
5. That new restaurant in town, have you been there yet?
6. This sentence is different to the others.
7. We’d better leave now, shouldn’t we?
8. ‘How are you?’ ‘I’m good, thanks.’
9. I’m loving the new Daft Punk record.
10. If I was you I’d quit smoking.
11. She’s a great dancer, Maria is.
12. Whenever I tell someone a joke, they always laugh.
13. You ready?
14. It’s a kind of, um, thingy you use to open a bottle. Know what I mean?
15. A: He’s always going on, isn’t he? B: Uh-huh. A: I mean, he never stops talking. B: All the time. Never stops.