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- 2. WHAT IS A HETEROGENEOUS CLASS? ability level of knowledge of the subject A class which is
- 3. SOME PROBLEMS Providing for learning for all
- 4. SOME ADVANTAGES Educational aspects: tolerance and respect for the ‘other’ cooperation mutual help Richer personal resources
- 5. Some practical principles
- 6. SOME THINGS THAT CAN HELP A. Keeping them motivated 1. Variation 2. Interest B. Reaching the
- 7. VARIATION Topic Demands: level, pace, amount Classroom organization: teacher-fronted, group work or individualized. Learning style: analytical
- 8. INTEREST Very difficult to define But essential: tasks may be ‘too easy’ or ‘too difficult’, and
- 11. Say things about a picture Students can contribute at a level appropriate to them They can
- 12. Factors that arouse and maintain interest (Topic) Visual stimulus Success-orientation Personalization Open-ended responses Full participation Game-like
- 13. INDIVIDUALIZATION Allowing for individual variation in speed and level, even within a teacher-led or set exercise
- 14. Example 1: Full-class questioning We’ll try four ways of dealing with teacher-student questions.
- 15. Answers to Questions 4 e criteria /sk/ centre will not Virtually all the European languages, except
- 16. Four different modes of interaction Students just hear the questions, raise their hands are nominated to
- 17. What did you feel? What did you notice?
- 18. Conventional No pre-reading Questions done in order decided by teacher Individual preparation Teacher implies they have
- 19. Example 2: Vocabulary Fill in any four of the opposites to the words on the page.
- 20. boring interesting high low floor ceiling general specific day night diluted concentrated freeze melt mountain valley
- 21. Note (Could be any set of subject-specific questions) Items not numbered Choice of which to do
- 22. PERSONALIZATION Allowing for contributions that reflect personal taste, experience, opinion etc. My favourite … I remember
- 23. Grammar/vocabulary practice
- 24. ‘Mingling’ I like _________ ing ... One chore I hate doing is … I would love
- 25. Oral fluency What is the best metaphor for a lesson? A variety show A conversation A
- 26. COLLABORATION Learners work together in order to get better joint results than they could on their
- 27. Two types of collaborative activities Full-class sharing through: Class brainstorm ‘Pass it round’ Online forums /
- 28. Example: Recall and share
- 29. bicycle because people independent embarrassed friend encourage privilege building enough
- 30. Not all tasks work as group/pair activities. Pair work usually works better than group work. Make
- 31. OPEN-ENDING Cues allow for many possible right answers: creative thinking So that: More learners can get
- 32. Examples: Closed-ended: Jenny is a baby. Jenny can / can’t ride a bicycle. Open-ended: Jenny is
- 33. Open-ending Most textbook exercises are closed-ended: items have one pre-determined right answer. Why? Conventional ‘default’ way
- 34. Making closed-ended exercises into open-ended ones Can be done mainly with ‘gapfills’ But also with matching
- 35. Write the correct past form She ______________ early. (leave) He ____________ the cake. (make) I ___________
- 36. Write the correct past form She ______________ early. (leave) He ____________ the cake. (make) I ___________
- 37. Write the correct past form She left______________ early. (leave) He made____________ the cake. (make) I sat__________
- 38. Making closed-ended exercises into open-ended ones Can be done mainly with ‘gapfills’ But also with matching
- 39. You can… read … sit on … watch… wear … eat … … a chair …a
- 40. Or design your own New… Young … Interesting… Fresh.. Dangerous …bread …teachers …drivers …ideas …lessons …babies
- 41. How about this one? a princess a helicopter a snake a rabbit an umbrella a box
- 42. Other possibilities for open-ending 1: Creative thinking Practice of can/could; creativity How many ways can you
- 43. Other possibilities for open-ending 2: Originality ‘Lateral thinking’ Comparative of adjectives Think of ten ways to
- 44. Writing Suggest at least three advantages of being an only child. (of not having a cellphone
- 45. COMPULSORY PLUS OPTIONAL 1. Activities 2. Tests
- 46. Activities: The class is given a ‘core’ task, do-able by everyone. They are also given an
- 47. Write the items in the appropriate column
- 48. Find at least three things to put in each column, more if you can!
- 49. Tests Most of the test is compulsory, and is given a grade out of 100% A
- 50. Complete using past tenses: A. Her mother _____ to Little Red Riding Hood: ‘Take this cake
- 51. To summarize: practical principles for teaching heterogeneous classes Vary your lessons in speed, level, topic, material
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