THE INFINITIVE Teacher: Myakisheva S.V. Moscow, 2012

Август 24, 2022

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THE INFINITIVE Teacher: Myakisheva S.V. Moscow, 2012

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2. THE INFINITIVE Примеры: Спрашивать Быть спрошенным
3. THE INFINITIVE DEFINITION a non-finite form of the verb has a double nature: nominal and verbal
4. FUNCTIONS OF THE INFINITIVE A subject A part of a predicative A part of a compound
5. FORMS - TENSE DISTINCTIONS
6. SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) INFINITIVE REFERS TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE They want to invite him. I like
7. CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE DESCRIBES AN ACTION HAPPENING NOW Active: They must be working now.
8. PERFECT INFINITIVE SHOWS THAT THE ACTION OF THE INFINITIVE HAPPENED BEFORE THE ACTION OF THE VERB
9. PERFECT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE EMPHASES THE DURATION OF THE ACTION Active: He looks tired. He seems to
10. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW, AS AN EXAMPLE SA: Have they
11. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW Are they running?
12. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW Has he lost his keys?
13. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW Are they building the house?
14. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW Has he hurt his knee?
15. IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW Is he painting the picture?
16. THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE 1 This is not the book to be found in any
17. THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE 3 The first The second The third The last He was
18. THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE 4 after nouns, pronouns, some, any, no He brought me a
19. THE INFINITIVE AS A SUBJECT To smoke is bad for health. To do it is to
20. THE INFINITIVE AS A SUBJECT With it + be + adjective (+ of + object) It
21. THE INFINITIVE AS AN ADVERBIAL MODIFIER After in order to, so as, so as not I’ll
22. AS A PREDICATIVE His great desire is to visit England. My first duty is to study
23. THE FOR-TO-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION For me to go there is impossible. That was for you to find
24. COMPLEX SUBJECT It is said – говорят It is reported – сообщают It seems – кажется
25. COMPLEX SUBJECT was heard was made He is expected to speak English was known is said
26. COMPLEX OBJECT He is supposed to return tomorrow was to have returned to be working now
27. COMPLEX OBJECT is used in Passive Voice with the verbs: To see, to hear, to order,
28. COMPLEX OBJECT seem, appear – казаться, по-видимому prove, turn out, appear, happen – оказаться happen –
29. COMPLEX OBJECT He is likely (вероятно) is unlikely (маловероятно) to is sure (конечно) return is certain
30. COMPLEX OBJECT He is unlikely to come.
31. COMPLEX OBJECT want ask order Know, believe=suppose, expect, find consider, think, mean We suppose him to
32. THE INFINITIVE AS PARENTHESIS To begin with – начать с того… To cut a long story
33. MEMORIZE THE EXPRESSIONS: He is hard to please. - Ему трудно угодить. She is pleasant to
34. THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE WITHOUT THE PARTICLE TO After auxiliary verbs (shall, will, do etc)
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Слайд 2

THE INFINITIVE
Примеры:
Спрашивать
Быть спрошенным

Слайд 3

THE INFINITIVE DEFINITION
a non-finite form of the verb
has a double

nature: nominal and verbal
the formal sign of the infinitive is the particle to

Слайд 4

FUNCTIONS OF THE INFINITIVE
A subject
A part of a predicative

A part of a compound verbal predicate
An object
An attribute
An adverbial modifier

Слайд 5

FORMS - TENSE DISTINCTIONS

Слайд 6

SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) INFINITIVE REFERS TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
They want to invite

him.
I like to go there.
Passive:
They want to be invited there.
He hopes to be offered a promotion.

Active:

Слайд 7

CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE DESCRIBES AN ACTION HAPPENING NOW
Active:
They must be working now.

Слайд 8

PERFECT INFINITIVE SHOWS THAT THE ACTION OF THE INFINITIVE HAPPENED BEFORE THE

ACTION OF THE VERB

with verbs:
Seem, appear, believe, know, claim, expect
Active:
Steve seems to have gone to a lot of places.
He claims to have met the Queen.
Passive:
John appears to have been offered a job.
The book seems to have been translated.

Слайд 9

PERFECT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE EMPHASES THE DURATION OF THE ACTION
Active:
He looks tired. He

seems to have been working all morning.

Слайд 10

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW, AS

AN EXAMPLE

SA: Have they been sleeping?
SB: No, they seem not to have been sleeping.

Слайд 11

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW
Are they

running?

Слайд 12

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW
Has he

lost his keys?

Слайд 13

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW
Are they

building the house?

Слайд 14

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW
Has he

hurt his knee?

Слайд 15

IN PAIRS, ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS USING THE PROMPTS BELOW
Is he

painting the picture?

Слайд 16

THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE
1
This is not the book to be

found in any library.
He has no desire to be appointed to this post.
2
The amount to be paid includes the cost of packing.

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THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE
3
The first
The second
The third
The last
He was the

first to go away.

to do

Слайд 18

THE INFINITIVE AS AN ATTRIBUTE
4
after nouns, pronouns, some, any, no
He

brought me a book to read.
Give me something to drink.
It’s a pleasure to work with you.

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THE INFINITIVE AS A SUBJECT
To smoke is bad for health.
To do

it is to help them.
After adjectives
cold, difficult, easy, simple, desirable, angry, happy, glad etc.
It is important to tell them the truth.

Слайд 20

THE INFINITIVE AS A SUBJECT
With it + be + adjective (+

of + object)
It was nice of him to remember my birthday.
With “only” to express unsatisfactory result
He called me only to say that he would be late.

Слайд 21

THE INFINITIVE AS AN ADVERBIAL MODIFIER
After in order to, so as,

so as not
I’ll write down the telephone number so as not
to be late.
enough, too, so+adj+as
He is clever enough to do such things.
She’s too tired to go out.
As if, as though
She waved her hands as if to say good bye.

Слайд 22

AS A PREDICATIVE
His great desire is to visit England.
My first duty

is to study well.
The thing to do was to stay calm.

Слайд 23

THE FOR-TO-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION
For me to go there is impossible.
That was for

you to find out.
The teacher asked for the papers to be brought.
The best thing for you to do is to forgive her.
I stepped aside for the car to go by.
She spoke loud for you to hear.

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COMPLEX SUBJECT
It is said – говорят
It is reported – сообщают
It seems

– кажется
It is likely – вероятно
It is said that they know Chinese well.
They are said to know Chinese well.

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COMPLEX SUBJECT
was heard
was made
He is expected to speak English

was known
is said

Слайд 26

COMPLEX OBJECT
He is supposed to return tomorrow
was to have returned

to be working now
to have been working
here for many years

Слайд 27

COMPLEX OBJECT
is used in Passive Voice with the verbs:
To see, to

hear, to order, to cause, to allow, to expect, to know, to suppose, to report, to announce, to believe, to consider, to regard
The book was expected to have been published by the summer of 1999.

Слайд 28

COMPLEX OBJECT
seem, appear – казаться, по-видимому
prove, turn out, appear, happen –

оказаться
happen – случаться, случайно
The child seemed to be sleeping.
The task proved (to be) very difficult.
He happened to be here when I came.

Слайд 29

COMPLEX OBJECT
He is likely (вероятно)
is unlikely (маловероятно) to
is sure

(конечно) return
is certain (несомненно, наверно)

Слайд 30

COMPLEX OBJECT
He is unlikely to come.

Слайд 31

COMPLEX OBJECT
want
ask
order
Know, believe=suppose, expect, find consider,
think, mean
We suppose him to

return home early.
We find your research work (to be) very interesting.

To do
To be done

Слайд 32

THE INFINITIVE AS PARENTHESIS
To begin with – начать с того…
To cut

a long story short – короче говоря
To make a long story short – короче говоря
To put it mildly – мягко выражаясь
To tell the truth – по правде говоря
To say nothing of – не говоря уже о
To say the least of it – чтобы не сказать больше
To speak quite frankly – откровенно говоря

Слайд 33

MEMORIZE THE EXPRESSIONS:
He is hard to please. - Ему трудно угодить.
She

is pleasant to look at. – У нее привлекательная внешность.
I have something to tell you. - Мне надо вам кое-что сказать.
There is nothing to be done. - Ничего не поделаешь.
The house is to let. – Дом сдается внаем.
Who is to blame? – Кто виноват?
There is nothing left to do but left. – Единственное, что остается – это ждать.

Слайд 34

THE USE OF THE INFINITIVE WITHOUT THE PARTICLE TO
After auxiliary verbs

(shall, will, do etc)
After modal verbs (except ought)
After verbs denoting sense perception: to hear, to see, to feel, to know etc
After the verb to let
After the verb to make
After the expressions had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but, nothing but
In sentences beginning with why