The Noun

Август 24, 2022

Содержание

2. Classification Nouns may be classified according to their: morphological composition (simple/derivative/compound) meaning (proper/common) countability (count/mass )
3. NOUNS Simple Derivative Compound 1. Simple nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes nor suffixes. They
4. Typical noun suffixes are: a) nouns indicating persons -ER as in driver, employer, examiner -OR, instead
5. Typical noun suffixes are: b) abstract nouns derived from verbs -age, eg breakage, drainage, leakage -al,
6. Typical noun suffixes are: C ) abstract nouns derived from adjectives -ance,-ence, eg importance; absence, presence
7. Typical noun suffixes are: d) abstract nouns derived from nouns -DOM, as in martyrdom, stardom; -HOOD,
8. Compound nouns Though built from two or more stems, compound nouns often have one stress. The
9. COUNT NOUNS/MASS NOUNS CN/MN
10. COUNT NOUNS include the class- names of a) persons, animals, plants, etc: friend, cat, bird, rose
11. MASS NOUNS include the names of: A) solid substances and materials: earth, bread, rice, cotton, nylon
12. MASS NOUNS (Forbidden box) NO a/an NO –s/es inflections NO many/few/five/another/a number of/ several NO are/were
13. COMPARE and REMEMBER!!! Count nouns What a beautiful climate! Moneys – sums of money (in legal
14. We are MASS nouns! accommodation advice behavior cash china conduct damage ( = harm) fun furniture
15. MN with corresponding CN bread a loaf payment a pay clothing a garment permission a permit
16. The idea of ONENESS: One example of a mass can be indicated by referring to:
17. The idea of ONENESS a piece of a certain shape, as in: a ball of string
18. The idea of ONENESS: by reference to a container, as in: a bag of flour a
19. WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN) as a MASS NOUN the word refers to a substance, material or
20. AS MASS NOUNS All plants need light. Houses were built of stone I will come with
21. WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN) activity agreement bone brick business cake cloth decision dress duty exercise experience
22. Compare: Mr Price has gone to London on business Trade (ie exchange of goods) between our
23. Names of substances as MN when they refer to a substance in general Betty Botter bought
25. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Classification
Nouns may be classified according to their:
morphological composition (simple/derivative/compound)
meaning (proper/common)

countability (count/mass )

Слайд 3

NOUNS
Simple Derivative Compound
1. Simple nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes

nor suffixes. They are indecomposable: chair, table, room, map, fish, work.
2 Derivative nouns are nouns which have derivative elements (prefixes or suffixes or both): reader, sailor, blackness, childhood, misconduct, inexperience.
3. Compound nouns are nouns built from two or more stems: apple-tree, shipwreck.

Слайд 4

Typical noun suffixes are:
a) nouns indicating persons
-ER as in driver,

employer, examiner
-OR, instead of -er, as in actor, collector, editor; protector, sailor, visitor;
-AR, as in beggar, liar;
-ANT, as in assistant, attendant, servant;
-IST, as in chemist, scientist, typist;
-EE, as in employee, examinee, referee (someone who is referred to), refugee (someone who is forced to take refuge);
-ESS, as in heiress, hostess

Слайд 5

Typical noun suffixes are: b) abstract nouns derived from verbs
-age, eg

breakage, drainage, leakage
-al, eg approval, arrival, refusal
-ance, eg acceptance, appearance, performance
-ery, eg delivery, discovery, recovery
-ment, eg agreement, arrangement, employment
-SION, eg collision, decision, division
-tion, eg education, organisation, attention, solution
-ure, eg departure, failure, closure

Слайд 6

Typical noun suffixes are: C ) abstract nouns derived from adjectives
-ance,-ence, eg importance;

absence, presence
-TY, - ITY eg ability, activity, equality, cruelty
-ness, eg darkness, happiness, kindness
- TH, eg length, strength, truth

Слайд 7

Typical noun suffixes are: d) abstract nouns derived from nouns
-DOM, as in

martyrdom, stardom;
-HOOD, as in childhood, motherhood;
-SHIP, as in friendship, sponsorship.

Слайд 8

Compound nouns
Though built from two or more stems,

compound nouns often have one stress. The meaning of a compound often differs from the meanings of its elements.
The main types of compound nouns:
noun-stem + noun-stem: apple-tree, snowball;
adjective-stem + noun-stem: blackbird, bluebell;
verb-stem + noun-stem: pickpocket;
(the stem of a verbal may be the first component of a compound noun: dining-room, reading-hall, dancing-girl.)
substantivized phrases: merry-go-round, forget-me-not.

Слайд 9

COUNT NOUNS/MASS NOUNS
CN/MN

Слайд 10

COUNT NOUNS include the class- names of
a) persons, animals, plants, etc:

friend, cat, bird, rose
b) concrete objects having shape: ball, car, hat, hand, house
c) units of measurement, society, language, etc: metre, hour, dollar, family, word
d) the individual parts of a mass: part, element, atom, piece, drop
) a few abstractions, thought of as separate wholes: idea, nuisance, sake, scheme.

Слайд 11

MASS NOUNS include the names of:
A) solid substances and materials: earth,

bread, rice, cotton, nylon
B) liquids, gases, etc: water, oil, tea, air, oxygen, steam, smoke
С) languages: English, French, German, Russian, Chinese, Spanish
D) many abstractions: equality, honesty, ignorance, peace, safety.
E) most -ing forms used as nouns: camping, cooking, clothing, parking, training.
REMEMBER:
blessing, helping, wedding are COUNT nouns

Слайд 12

MASS NOUNS (Forbidden box)
NO a/an
NO –s/es inflections
NO many/few/five/another/a number of/ several
NO

are/were

Слайд 13

COMPARE and REMEMBER!!!
Count nouns
What a beautiful climate!
Moneys – sums of money

(in legal English)

Mass nouns

What wonderful weather!
BUT
Go out in all WEATHERS (fixed expression)
How much money do you have by?
All his money is in real estate

Слайд 14

We are MASS nouns!
accommodation
advice
behavior
cash
china
conduct
damage ( = harm)
fun
furniture
harm
influenza
information
knowledge
laughter
leisure
lightning
luck
luggage
money
mud
music
news
permission
poetry
progress
rubbish
soap
weather

Слайд 15

MN with corresponding CN
bread a loaf payment a pay
clothing a garment

permission a permit
laughter a laugh poetry a poem
luggage a suitcase work a job
money a coin/a note
REMEMBER!! A play is not an example of play, but a dramatic performance. Work is used as a count noun in a work of art, the works of Shakespeare, road works

Слайд 16

The idea of ONENESS:
One example of a mass can be indicated

by referring to:

Слайд 17

The idea of ONENESS
a piece of a certain shape, as in:

a ball of string
a heap of earth
a sheet of paper/ metal
a bar of chocolate/soap/gold
a loaf of bread
a slice of bread/ meat
a blade of grass
a lump of coal
a stick of chalk/ dynamite
a block of ice
a roll of cloth
a strip of cloth or land

One example of a mass can be indicated by referring to:

Слайд 18

The idea of ONENESS:
by reference to a container, as in:
a bag

of flour
a bottle of milk
a basket of fruit
a bucket of water
a sack of coal
by reference to a measure, as in:
a gallon of oil
a kilo of sugar

One example of a mass can be indicated by referring to:

Слайд 19

WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN)
as a MASS NOUN
the word refers to

a substance, material or phenomenon in general

as a COUNT NOUN

the word refers to
a separate unit composed of that substance
one occurrence of that phenomenon
a special object

Слайд 20

AS MASS NOUNS
All plants need light.
Houses were built of stone
I

will come with pleasure.
Have pity! Have you no shame?
This is the age of science
A city without art is dead.
Honour must be satisfied
Most men want success

AS COUNT NOUNS

Do you have a light by your bed?
Wait! I have a stone in my shoe!
It will be a pleasure to see you.
What a pity! What a shame!
Physics is a science.
Painting is an art.
It is an honour for me to be here.
Your play was a great success.
George was a great success in it.

Слайд 21

WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN)
activity
agreement
bone
brick
business
cake
cloth
decision
dress
duty
exercise
experience
fire
fish
fruit
glass
hair
history
hope
justice
iron
injustice
kindness
language
law
noise
paper
pain
silence
space
sound
thought
time
trade
traffic
virtue
war
worry

Слайд 22

Compare:
Mr Price has gone to London on business
Trade (ie exchange of

goods) between our two countries is flourishing
Traffic roars through the city all day long

He runs a small business (ie a small shop)
I think every boy should learn a trade, (ie a way of earning his living, especially by manual work)
NN was convicted of conducting an illegal traffic in drugs

Слайд 23

Names of substances
as MN when they refer to a substance in

general
Betty Botter bought some
butter

as CN, singular and plural, when they refer to
a kind of the substance
a portion of it
This is a very good butter (ie a good kind of butter).
You've only brought me one butter. I asked for two (butters), (ie packets of butter)

The Noun

Содержание

ClassificationNouns may be classified according to their:morphological composition (simple/derivative/compound) meaning (proper/common)

NOUNSSimple Derivative Compound1. Simple nouns are nouns which have neither prefixes

Typical noun suffixes are: a) nouns indicating persons-ER as in driver,

Typical noun suffixes are: b) abstract nouns derived from verbs -age, eg

Typical noun suffixes are: C ) abstract nouns derived from adjectives -ance,-ence, eg importance;

Typical noun suffixes are: d) abstract nouns derived from nouns -DOM, as in

Compound nouns Though built from two or more stems,

COUNT NOUNS/MASS NOUNSCN/MN

COUNT NOUNS include the class- names ofa) persons, animals, plants, etc:

MASS NOUNS include the names of: A) solid substances and materials: earth,

MASS NOUNS (Forbidden box) NO a/anNO –s/es inflectionsNO many/few/five/another/a number of/ severalNO

COMPARE and REMEMBER!!!Count nounsWhat a beautiful climate!Moneys – sums of money

We are MASS nouns!accommodationadvicebehaviorcashchina conductdamage ( = harm)funfurnitureharminfluenzainformationknowledgelaughterleisurelightningluckluggagemoneymudmusicnewspermissionpoetryprogressrubbishsoapweather

MN with corresponding CNbread a loaf payment a payclothing a garment

The idea of ONENESS:One example of a mass can be indicated

The idea of ONENESSa piece of a certain shape, as in:

The idea of ONENESS:by reference to a container, as in:a bag

WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN) as a MASS NOUNthe word refers to

AS MASS NOUNSAll plants need light. Houses were built of stoneI

WE ARE BOTH (MN/CN)activityagreementbonebrickbusinesscakeclothdecisiondressdutyexerciseexperiencefirefishfruitglasshairhistoryhopejusticeironinjusticekindnesslanguagelawnoisepaperpainsilencespacesoundthoughttimetradetrafficvirtuewarworry

Compare:Mr Price has gone to London on businessTrade (ie exchange of

Names of substancesas MN when they refer to a substance in

Похожие презентации