The problem of the category of mood in modern english

Июль 27, 2022

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The problem of the category of mood in modern english

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2. Mood is the grammatical category of the verb reflecting the relation of the action denoted by
3. There is no unity of opinion concerning the category of mood in English. In general the
4. THE INDICATIVE MOOD The indicative mood is the basic mood of the verb. Morphologically it is
5. EXAMPLE: Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen. An actual fact is denoted, and the speaker's attitude
6. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD The subjunctive mood represents an action as a 'non-fact', as something imaginary, desirable,
7. We use subjunctives mainly when talking about events that are not certain to happen. For example,
8. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE Use: To express expectation, supposition and a statement about something that does not fit
9. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE Use: To express expectation, supposition and a statement about something that does not fit
10. FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE Use: To express expectancy about event / situation that may occur / could not
11. THE IMPERATIVE MOOD The imperative mood represents an action as a command, urging, request, exhortation addressed
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Mood is the grammatical category of the verb reflecting the relation

of the action denoted by the verb to reality from the speaker's point of view.

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There is no unity of opinion concerning the category of mood

in English.
In general the number of English moods in different theories varies from two to seventeen.
In my project the indicative, imperative and subjunctive moods are considered.

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THE INDICATIVE MOOD
The indicative mood is the basic mood of the

verb. Morphologically it is the most developed system including all the categories of the verb.
Semantically it is a fact mood. It serves to present an action as a fact of reality. It is the «most objective» or the «least subjective» of all the moods. It conveys minimum personal attitude to the fact.

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EXAMPLE:
Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.
An actual fact is denoted, and

the speaker's attitude is neutral.

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THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
The subjunctive mood represents an action as a 'non-fact',

as something imaginary, desirable, problematic, contrary to reality.

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We use subjunctives mainly when talking about events that are not

certain to happen. For example, we use the subjunctive when talking about events that somebody:
wants to happen
anticipates will happen
imagines happening
Kinds of Subjunctive:
Present Subjunctive
Past Subjuctive
Future Subjunctive

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PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
Use:
To express expectation, supposition and a statement about something that

does not fit with reality in the present.
Example:
I wish (that) he called me now
Reality:
He doesn’t call me now

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PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
Use:
To express expectation, supposition and a statement about something that

does not fit with reality in the past.
Example:
I wished he hadn’t gone yesterday
Reality:
He went yesterday

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FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE
Use:
To express expectancy about event / situation that may occur

/ could not have happened in the future
Example:
X: “Will you visit me tonight?”
Y: “ No, I won’t” (reality)
X: “ I wish you would visit me tonight” (subjunctive)

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THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
The imperative mood represents an action as a command,

urging, request, exhortation addressed to one's interlocutor.It is a direct expression of one's will. Therefore it is much more 'subjective' than the indicative mood. Its modal meaning is very strong and distinct.
The imperative mood is morphologically the least developed of all moods.