Translating Finite Verb Forms Part I (Tense and Aspect Forms)

Июль 27, 2022

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Translating Finite Verb Forms Part I (Tense and Aspect Forms)

Содержание

2. Plan: 1. Formal differences between source text and target text 2. Translating tense and aspect forms
3. Source language text ≠ target language text Reasons Objective Subjective
4. Objective reasons Language system (systemic) - a)lack of some grammar category Way out: compensate or restructure
5. Subjective reasons include: -Communicative structure A woman entered the room. – В комнату вошла женщина. Pragmatic
6. 2. Translating Tense and Aspect Forms
7. 2.1 Simple Tenses a) regular, permanent actions=Russian imperfective aspect Water boils at 100º Centigrade. b) action
8. 2.2 Continuous Tenses temporary continuous action = Russian imperfective form He first became interested in drama
9. 2.3 Perfect Forms completed action = Russian perfective verbs I haven’t finished yet. By the time
10. 2.4 Perfect Continuous Tenses action begun before another action and continued into it = Russian imperfective
11. 2.5 Main traps Tense asymmetry Russian future = English present in adverbial clauses Если он придет,
12. 2) Connotation! In emotional speech The English Cont. and Simple tenses seem to exchange their aspect
13. 3) Sequence of Tenses When translating from Russian into English don’t do it “tense-for-tense”!!! Mind the
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Plan: 1. Formal differences between source text and target text 2. Translating tense

and aspect forms 2.1 Simple Tenses 2.2 Continuous Tenses 2.3 Perfect Tenses 2.4 Perfect ContinuousTenses 2.5 Main traps.

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Source language text ≠ target language text
Reasons
Objective Subjective

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Objective reasons
Language system (systemic) -
a)lack of some grammar category
Way out: compensate

or restructure the sentence
b) Grammar category exists in both l-s but differs in some details
Norm (d-ce in word combination norms)
Usage (different frequency)

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Subjective reasons include:
-Communicative structure
A woman entered the room. – В комнату

вошла женщина.
Pragmatic adaptations
WSU is located in Pullman, WA. – Вашингтонский университет расположен в городе Пулман, штат Вашингтон
Translator’s idiolect
He fell a week before Armistice was declared.

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2. Translating Tense and Aspect Forms

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2.1 Simple Tenses
a) regular, permanent actions=Russian imperfective aspect
Water

boils at 100º Centigrade.
b) action as a single fact=Russian perfective form
When I heard the news, I walked faster and faster.
Single action can be expressed by:
A verb-noun predicate
She gave a cry.
-A phrasal verb
She cried something out.
Parallel (homogeneous) predicates
He cried something unintelligible and rushed past.

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2.2 Continuous Tenses
temporary continuous action = Russian imperfective form
He

first became interested in drama when he was working abroad.
Permanent actions expressed in emotional speech=Russian imperfective form
You are always coming late!
Future action (esp. a “matter-of-fact” future) = Russian perfective form
Spring is coming! Birds will be flying soon.

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2.3 Perfect Forms
completed action = Russian perfective verbs
I haven’t finished yet.
By

the time we got there the rain had stopped.
b) Multiple action that took place in the past and can happen in the future = Russian imperfective form
I’ve met Ann’s husband.
I have eaten at that restaurant many times.
Use the technique of compensation and extension!
Russian literature has possessed the feeling of the sole. – Русская литература всегда характеризовалась чувством одиночества.

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2.4 Perfect Continuous Tenses action begun before another action and continued into

it = Russian imperfective forms He has been studying Japanese for three years.

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2.5 Main traps
Tense asymmetry
Russian future = English present in adverbial clauses
Если

он придет, я дам вам знать. – If he comes, I’ll let you know.
b) English present for the near future = in Russian the present alternates with the future
We are going downtown in some minutes. – Мы пойдем/идем в город через несколько минут.
с) English Present Perf/ PPC = Russian past tense
Who has eaten my soup? – Кто съел мой суп?

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2) Connotation!
In emotional speech The English Cont. and Simple tenses seem

to exchange their aspect characteristics: Cont = exaggerated permanent action
She is always complaining! – Вечно она жалуется!
Simple = action taking place at the moment of speech with emphasis on the circumstances
Why don’t you write? - Ну, почему ты не пишешь?
Way out – LEXICAL COMPENSATION

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3) Sequence of Tenses
When translating from Russian into English don’t do

it “tense-for-tense”!!!
Mind the SEQUENSE OF TENSES
I knew he was in the village. – Я знал, что он в деревне. (not он был в деревне)
Я знал, что он был в деревне. – I knew he had been in the village.

Translating Finite Verb Forms Part I (Tense and Aspect Forms)

Содержание

Plan: 1. Formal differences between source text and target text 2. Translating tense

Source language text ≠ target language text ReasonsObjective Subjective

Objective reasonsLanguage system (systemic) -a)lack of some grammar categoryWay out: compensate

Subjective reasons include:-Communicative structureA woman entered the room. – В комнату

2. Translating Tense and Aspect Forms

2.1 Simple Tenses a) regular, permanent actions=Russian imperfective aspect Water

2.2 Continuous Tensestemporary continuous action = Russian imperfective formHe

2.3 Perfect Formscompleted action = Russian perfective verbsI haven’t finished yet.By