Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English & Ukrainian

Июль 25, 2022

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Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English & Ukrainian

Содержание

2. Lecture. Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English & Ukrainian. Outline. Typology of the Vowel
3. PHONETIC SYSTEM OF A LANGUAGE PHONEMES Vowels Monophthongs Short – long diphthongs Consonants
4. VOWELS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIAN The number of vowels in English is 20 out of which
5. Allomorphic is The presence of diphthongs in English The opposition of long and short vowels in
6. CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION OF THE TONGUE
7. CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE VERTICAL POSITION OF THE TONGUE
8. Common though unequally represented features Labialization ɔ: u: -English y o – Ukrainian Nasalization some vowels
9. CONSONANTS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIAN In English (a vocalic language) – 24 In Ukrainian (a consonantal
10. PALATALIZATION is absent from English which has 4 soft consonants tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ is a
11. GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE WAY OF PASSING THE OBSTRUCTION ∙ plosive: [p, t, k,
12. GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTION Allomorphic features interdental [ð, θ] Post-alveolar r
13. GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTION bilabials: [p ,b, m, w], [п, б,
14. Assimilation is a phonetic process when two adjacent consonants within a word or at word boundaries
15. DEGREES OF ASSIMILATION
16. TYPES OF ASSIMILATION
17. Both languages have historical (the influence in the course of language development) contextual assimilation (takes place
18. When a sound is influenced by an adjoining sound assimilation is called contact. When a sound
19. ACCOMMODATION is an isomorphic phenomenon though more important in English: Tall - тонкий – labialized t/т
20. Elision can be historical and contemporary. The English language is full of “silent” letters: e. g.,
21. The omission of certain syllables is called haplology, rare in English (Englalond > England), but spread
22. The phenomenon opposite to assimilation in which one of two similar phonemes is changed as a
23. Substitution results in the use of a sound typical of a particular language instead of the
24. Devoicing of the voiced consonants at the end of words. It is not typical of English
25. TYPES OF REDUCTION observed in both languages ZERO the omission of a vowel or a consonant.
26. TYPE OF SYLLABLE
27. A SYLLABLE OPEN open syllables (are, ear, а-раб); open covered syllables (we, play, ми, два). CLOSED
28. SYLLABLE FORMATION & SYLLABLE DIVISION Vowels are syllable forming in UL & EL. Sonorants (m, n,
29. Word-stress as singling out one or more syllables in a word English word stress is dynamic
30. TYPES OF STRESS
31. TYPES OF WORD STRESS PRIMARY ‘назви – на’зви ‘conduct – con’duct Constitutive & distinctive functions SECONDARY
32. WORDS WITH TWO STRESSES ENGLISH Compound adjectives and nouns: 'well-'known, 'absent–'minded, ‘abo’lition etc. Composite verbs also
33. INTONATION Intonation is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, tempo, pausation, and timbre.
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Слайд 2

Lecture. Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English & Ukrainian.
Outline.
Typology of

the Vowel Systems.
Typology of the Consonant Systems.
Articulatory transitions in English and Ukrainian Speech.
The syllable in English and Ukrainian.
Word-stress and Utterance Stress.
English and Ukrainian Intonation.

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PHONETIC SYSTEM OF A LANGUAGE PHONEMES
Vowels
Monophthongs
Short – long
diphthongs
Consonants

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VOWELS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIAN
The number of vowels in English is

20 out of which 12 are monophthongs [ɪ, ı:, e, æ, ɒ, ɔ:, ⋀, ɑ:, υ, u:, ɜ:, ə]. The other 8 are diphthongs: [eı, ɜυ, ɑɪ, ɑυ, ɔɪ, ɪə, ɛə, υə].

The number of vowels in Ukrainian is 6 only: [i, e, u, a, o, y]

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Allomorphic is
The presence of diphthongs in English
The opposition of long and

short vowels in English

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CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION OF THE

TONGUE

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CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE VERTICAL POSITION OF THE

TONGUE

Слайд 8

Common though unequally represented features
Labialization ɔ: u: -English y o –

Ukrainian
Nasalization some vowels before m n ŋ – н м
Reduction of unstressed vowels
іn English to i ə; in Ukrainian и–е зи/е/ма; о-у то/у/бі

Слайд 9

CONSONANTS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIAN
In English (a vocalic language) – 24
In

Ukrainian (a consonantal language) – 32

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PALATALIZATION
is absent from English which has 4 soft consonants tʃ, dʒ,

ʃ, ʒ
is a typologically distinct feature helping to differentiate lexemes in Ukrainian: син - синь

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GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE WAY OF PASSING THE OBSTRUCTION
∙

plosive: [p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ŋ], [б, б’, п, п’, д, дʹ, т, тʹ, ґ, ґ’, к, к’];
∙ fricative: [f, v, θ, ð , s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h, j], [в, в’, ф, ф’, з, зʹ, с, сʹ, ж, ж’, ш, ш’, г, г’,х’ х];
∙ affricative: [tʃ, dʒ], [дж, дж’, дз, ч,ч’, ц, цʹ, дзʹ];
Sonorants: [m, n, w, r, l, ŋ, j], [м, м’, н, н’, л, л’, р, р’, в, в’]

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GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTION Allomorphic features
interdental

[ð, θ]
Post-alveolar r

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GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTION
bilabials: [p ,b,

m, w], [п, б, в, м];
labiodentals: [v, f ], [ф, ф’ and в, в’ in some positions];
Dentals [t, d, n, Ө, ð] [д, т, з, с, л, н, дз, дз’, ц, ц’]
alveolars [d, t, z, s, n, l, ʃ, tʃ, ʒ], [ч, ш, дж, р, р’, ж];
median: [j], [й, р, рʹ];
back-lingual [k, g, ŋ], [ґ, к, к’, х, х’];
glottal [h], [г].

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Assimilation is a phonetic process when two adjacent consonants within a

word or at word boundaries influence each other in such a way that the articulation of one sound becomes similar or even identical with the articulation of the other one.

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DEGREES OF ASSIMILATION

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TYPES OF ASSIMILATION

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Both languages have historical (the influence in the course of language development)

contextual assimilation (takes place when the articulation of a sound changes under the influence of the neighbouring sounds in rapid colloquial speech or in the living language).

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When a sound is influenced by an adjoining sound assimilation is

called contact. When a sound is influenced by a distant one assimilation is called distant. Such cases are not typical of Present-day English and Ukrainian Phonetics (желізо – залізо).

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ACCOMMODATION
is an isomorphic phenomenon though more important in English:
Tall -

тонкий – labialized t/т

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Elision can be historical and contemporary. The English language is full

of “silent” letters: e. g., walk, knee, knight, castle, корисний, сонце, чесний. In rapid colloquial speech certain notional words may lose some of their sounds: e. g., phonetics, already, агентство

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The omission of certain syllables is called haplology, rare in English

(Englalond > England), but spread in Ukrainian (мінералологія - мінералогія, трагікокомедія - трагікомедія). The same concerns metathesis – the change of syllables / sounds within a word (суворий, намисто, ведмідь, бондар; third > ðridda).

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The phenomenon opposite to assimilation in which one of two similar

phonemes is changed as a result of their interaction is called dissimilation, but the phenomenon of dissimilation is not typical of present-day English & Ukrainian Phonetics: cf., Pluraris – Pluralis (in Latin) and Plural (in English); верблюд, лицар.

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Substitution results in the use of a sound typical of

a particular language instead of the resembling sound of another language (тези – міф, архів). Epenthesis is the addition of an alien sound into the existing sound complex: e. g., the French word advantage is changed into the English word advantage; ofn > ofen > oven; павук, Іспанія.

Слайд 24

Devoicing of the voiced consonants at the end of words. It

is not typical of English though the sounds [b], [d], [g] may be seldom partly devoiced. This phenomenon is not typical of Ukrainian either(дід, дуб). Prothesis is the introduction of an extra initial sound. Very rare in both languages (вісім; Latin schola > Spanish escuela).

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TYPES OF REDUCTION observed in both languages

ZERO
the omission of
a vowel
or a

consonant.

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TYPE OF SYLLABLE

Слайд 27

A SYLLABLE
OPEN
open syllables (are, ear, а-раб);
open covered syllables (we, play, ми,

два).

CLOSED
closed syllables (art, act, ось).

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SYLLABLE FORMATION & SYLLABLE DIVISION
Vowels are syllable forming in UL &

EL.
Sonorants (m, n, l) in the final position preceded by a consonant are syllable forming in EL
Short vowels are found in closed syllables only in EL (cut, look, potter)
Long vowels are found in both open and closed syllable (lead, Far-mer)

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Word-stress as singling out one or more syllables in a word
English

word stress is dynamic with the tonetic component.
It is free.
English rhythm is stress-timed.

Ukrainian word stress is dynamic with the duration component.
It is free.
Ukrainian rhythm is syllable-timed.

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TYPES OF STRESS

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TYPES OF WORD STRESS
PRIMARY
‘назви – на’зви
‘conduct – con’duct
Constitutive & distinctive functions
SECONDARY

In English falls on the syllable separated from the nuclear syllable by one unstressed syllable: pro˛nunci'ation, ˛recog'nition, etc.

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WORDS WITH TWO STRESSES
ENGLISH
Compound adjectives and nouns: 'well-'known, 'absent–'minded, ‘abo’lition

etc.
Composite verbs also have two primary stresses, e. g., to 'get 'up, to 'give a'way, etc.
Words with the prefixes: un-, in-, dis-, sub-, ex-, under-, re-.

UKRANIAN
Such cases are optional: за′гальноос’вітній, ко′ристолю’бивий.

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INTONATION
Intonation is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress,

tempo, pausation, and timbre.

Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English &amp; Ukrainian

Содержание

Lecture. Typology of Phonetic and Phonological Systems of English & Ukrainian.Outline.Typology of

PHONETIC SYSTEM OF A LANGUAGE PHONEMESVowelsMonophthongsShort – long diphthongsConsonants

VOWELS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIANThe number of vowels in English is

Allomorphic isThe presence of diphthongs in EnglishThe opposition of long and

CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION OF THE

CLASSIFICATION OF THE VOWELS ACCORDING TO THE VERTICAL POSITION OF THE

Common though unequally represented featuresLabialization ɔ: u: -English y o –

CONSONANTS IN ENGLISH & UKRAINIANIn English (a vocalic language) – 24In

PALATALIZATIONis absent from English which has 4 soft consonants tʃ, dʒ,

GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE WAY OF PASSING THE OBSTRUCTION∙

GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTION Allomorphic features interdental

GROUPS OF CONSONANTS ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF OBSTRUCTIONbilabials: [p ,b,