What makes English ‘academic’?. Lecture 1

Июль 25, 2022

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What makes English ‘academic’?. Lecture 1

Содержание

2. Some definitions ‘academy’ = place of study, university ‘academic’ = doing things they way they are
3. So what makes spoken or written English ‘academic’ is not the ideas but the way the
4. How are ideas presented? in a logical order with evidence to support them objectively
5. How are ideas expressed? using formal language without any slang or colloquial expressions using specialist vocabulary
6. ‘in a logical order’ start with a plan jot down any ideas that you have as
7. ‘with evidence’ read and make notes from different sources use sources that are reliable and/or recommended
8. ‘objectively’ make suggestions, not strongly emotional comments avoid stating your personal opinion do not involve the
9. ‘using formal language’ write in full sentences do not use abbreviations or contractions use impersonal forms
10. ‘use specialist vocabulary’ check the meaning of specialist terms in your subject note examples of how
11. ‘use words and phrases that are expected’ academic writers are expected to be cautious readers expect
12. An example of an academic study Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing road traffic collisions and
13. From the conclusion of the article This review impersonal has highlighted the limited nature of the
14. However, this approach may not cautious suggestion be feasible in most settings because of political and
15. What can I do to make my writing more academic? note how the ideas in the
16. Birkbeck offers…. Academic English Academic Writing for Undergraduates (one term) Academic Writing for Native Speakers (one
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Some definitions
‘academy’ = place of study, university
‘academic’ = doing things

they way they are done in the academy
‘academic writing’ = writing in the way that is expected of people at a university

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So what makes spoken or written English ‘academic’ is not the

ideas but the way the ideas are presented and expressed.

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How are ideas presented?

in a logical order
with evidence to support

them
objectively

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How are ideas expressed?
using formal language without any slang or colloquial

expressions
using specialist vocabulary where appropriate
using words and phrases that are expected in writing by people at university

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‘in a logical order’

start with a plan
jot down any ideas

that you have as you think of them
group your ideas about the same point together and present them in the same paragraph
start each paragraph with a sentence that shows what you are going to write about in that paragraph – the topic sentence
put your points in order so that they follow on from each other
develop the main idea in the topic sentence with your other points

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‘with evidence’
read and make notes from different sources
use sources that are

reliable and/or recommended to you
make notes of where different writers agree or disagree so that you can compare different views
remember that things are usually more grey than black and white

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‘objectively’

make suggestions, not strongly emotional comments
avoid stating your personal opinion
do

not involve the reader directly by asking questions

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‘using formal language’
write in full sentences
do not use abbreviations or contractions
use

impersonal forms

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‘use specialist vocabulary’
check the meaning of specialist terms in your subject
note

examples of how these terms are used in the books and articles that you read
do not use terms that you do not understand

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‘use words and phrases that are expected’
academic writers are expected to

be cautious
readers expect phrases that act as signposts to guide them through the text

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An example of an academic study

Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing

road traffic collisions and related casualties: systematic review
British Medical Journal (2005)

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From the conclusion of the article
This review impersonal has highlighted the

limited nature of the evidence base underpinning the large scale introduction of speed cameras and the need for further robust evidence. Topic sentence Two possibilities Signpost exist for improving this evidence base. Development of topic with evidence Randomised controlled trials offer the highest form of evidence. In countries where a large scale introduction of speed cameras is planned and the subject is not politicised, speed cameras could be introduced cautious suggestion in a controlled fashion, randomising the allocation of cameras within a larger sampling framework technical term of high risk sites (with remaining sites serving as controls). First possibility

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However, this approach may not cautious suggestion be feasible in most

settings because of political and other local pressures. Counter argument In such settings, an alternative may be cautious suggestion to carry out any planned introduction of speed cameras in a phased manner spread over a few years with careful collection of data on collisions and injuries, hence producing a natural comparison group (wedge shaped study design). Technical term Second possibility In either case, Signpost points back the research needs to be conducted as soon as possible, before the widespread introduction of cameras results in a permanent loss of such opportunities. Conclusion

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What can I do to make my writing more academic?
note

how the ideas in the books and articles that you read on your course are presented and expressed
attend free workshops and drop-in sessions offered by Learner Support at Birkbeck (details on the My Birkbeck website)
enrol for a short course focussing on writing

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Birkbeck offers….
Academic English
Academic Writing for Undergraduates (one term)
Academic Writing for

Native Speakers (one term)
English for Academic Purposes (EAP)
EAP for Undergraduates (one term)
EAP for Postgraduates (one term)

What makes English ‘academic’?. Lecture 1

Содержание

Some definitions ‘academy’ = place of study, university ‘academic’ = doing things

So what makes spoken or written English ‘academic’ is not the

How are ideas presented? in a logical orderwith evidence to support

How are ideas expressed?using formal language without any slang or colloquial

‘in a logical order’ start with a planjot down any ideas

‘with evidence’read and make notes from different sourcesuse sources that are

‘objectively’ make suggestions, not strongly emotional commentsavoid stating your personal opiniondo

‘using formal language’write in full sentencesdo not use abbreviations or contractionsuse

‘use specialist vocabulary’check the meaning of specialist terms in your subjectnote

‘use words and phrases that are expected’academic writers are expected to

An example of an academic study Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing

From the conclusion of the article This review impersonal has highlighted the