Contemporary HRM. Flexibility

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Work organisation and flexibility… The major influences on work organisation Pressures

Work organisation and flexibility…

The major influences on work organisation
Pressures for flexibility
Policy

context for developments in work organisation
Objectives and expectations of employers and employees
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Influences… Demand side technology knowledge based employment shift in many Western

Influences…

Demand side
technology
knowledge based employment
shift in many Western economies to service sector
extent

to which state has facilitated flexibility
Supply side
increasing participation of women in labour force
increase in single parent families and dual career couples
aging population
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Types of flexibility… functional distance structural learning attitudinal skills numerical temporal financial

Types of flexibility…

functional

distance

structural

learning

attitudinal

skills

numerical

temporal

financial

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The flexible firm (Atkinson, 1984)… Functional flexibility rapid redeployment of staff

The flexible firm (Atkinson, 1984)…

Functional flexibility
rapid redeployment of staff
acquisition of new

skills
the ‘learning organisation’
Numerical flexibility
adjusting headcount quickly and cheaply
looser contractual relationships
Financial flexibility
employment costs related to state of market
pay systems which support functional flexibility
targeted on contribution
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The flexible firm (Atkinson, 1984)… Core group primary labour market functional

The flexible firm (Atkinson, 1984)…

Core group
primary labour market
functional flexibility
Peripheral group 1
secondary

labour market
numerical flexibility
Peripheral group 2
‘as and when’ workers
contacts for services
sub contracting
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Figure: The Flexible Firm

Figure: The Flexible Firm

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Employee driven flexibility (work-life balance)… An individual concern or a social

Employee driven flexibility (work-life balance)…

An individual concern or a social issue?
Indirect

benefits for business
Types of flexibility preferred
flexible leave
flexible hours
flexible deployment of time, flexible location
access to care arrangements
Need to be supported by security of income and employment, access to training, i.e. no disadvantage for the employee
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The reality of flexibility… Piecemeal and limited in practice More likely

The reality of flexibility…

Piecemeal and limited in practice
More likely to be

driven by cost reduction concerns than by expectation of strategic benefits, i.e. numerical or financial forms
Can create employee dissatisfaction and poor employee relations