Содержание
- 2. TIMING RECOVERY IN BASEBAND TRANSMISSION Lecture 8
- 3. DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION We can represent digital data by using digital signals. The conversion involves three techniques:
- 4. Signal element versus data element Although the actual bandwidth of a digital signal is infinite, the
- 5. A signal is carrying data in which one data element is encoded as one signal element
- 6. The maximum data rate of a channel is Nmax = 2 × B × log2 L
- 7. Effect of lack of synchronization
- 8. In a digital transmission, the receiver clock is 0.1 percent faster than the sender clock. How
- 9. Line coding schemes
- 10. Unipolar NRZ scheme
- 11. Polar NRZ-L and NRZ-I schemes Both have an average signal rate of N/2 Bd. Both have
- 12. A system is using NRZ-I to transfer 10-Mbps data. What are the average signal rate and
- 13. Polar RZ scheme
- 14. Polar biphase: Manchester and differential Manchester schemes Transition at the middle is used for synchronization The
- 15. Bipolar schemes: AMI and pseudoternary We use three levels: positive, zero, and negative. In mBnL schemes,
- 16. Multilevel: 2B1Q scheme
- 17. Multilevel: 8B6T scheme
- 18. Multilevel: 4D-PAM5 scheme
- 19. Multitransition: MLT-3 scheme
- 20. Summary of line coding schemes
- 21. Block coding concept Block coding is normally referred to as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-bit
- 22. Using block coding 4B/5B with NRZ-I line coding scheme
- 23. 4B/5B mapping codes
- 24. Substitution in 4B/5B block coding
- 25. We need to send data at a 1-Mbps rate. What is the minimum required bandwidth, using
- 26. 8B/10B block encoding
- 27. AMI used with scrambling
- 28. Two cases of B8ZS scrambling technique B8ZS substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB.
- 29. Different situations in HDB3 scrambling technique HDB3 substitutes four consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V depending
- 30. ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION A digital signal is superior to an analog signal. The tendency today is to
- 31. Components of PCM encoder
- 32. Three different sampling methods for PCM
- 33. Nyquist sampling rate for low-pass and bandpass signals According to the Nyquist theorem, the sampling rate
- 34. Recovery of a sampled sine wave for different sampling rates Sampling at the Nyquist rate can
- 35. Sampling of a clock with only one hand The second hand of a clock has a
- 36. An example of under-sampling is the seemingly backward rotation of the wheels of a forward-moving car
- 37. A complex low-pass signal has a bandwidth of 200 kHz. What is the minimum sampling rate
- 38. Quantization and encoding of a sampled signal
- 39. A telephone subscriber line must have an SNRdB above 40. What is the minimum number of
- 40. We want to digitize the human voice. What is the bit rate, assuming 8 bits per
- 41. Components of a PCM decoder
- 42. We have a low-pass analog signal of 4 kHz. If we send the analog signal, we
- 43. The process of delta modulation
- 44. Delta modulation components
- 45. TRANSMISSION MODES The transmission of binary data across a link can be accomplished in either parallel
- 46. Data transmission and modes
- 47. Parallel transmission
- 48. Serial transmission
- 49. Asynchronous transmission We send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or more stop
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