People's Republic of China

the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.381 billion. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China and its capital is Beijing.

 It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing) and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower

military  strength,  science and  technologies,  and  international influence. The  former USSR  used to have huge  military  capability  and influence over the world order. It was the only country able to challenge the  US before  the  end  of the cold war. Its economic  strength was  by  no means  comparable to that of the US. The key question is whether there will be another  superpower in the  next few decades, and if yes,  which country?  Russia, India, Japan or Germany is unlikely to become the next superpower for various reasons.  Hence, one likely candidate must be China. However,  even if China can become  the  world’s  largest economy,  it does not mean that China will automatically become a superpower. There are some other  conditions for China to be a real superpower. Such conditions should include the level of  per  capita  income,  social justice  and income  equality,  the  ability  to become  a  world  leader  of  science  and technology, and the  ability  to influence  regional and global peace and order.

fold, and real per capita consumption more than six  fold.  Many  consumer goods and services that were virtually unknown in 1978 have become  daily necessities in Chinese households today, including colour TVs, telephones,  motor cycles and computers. In 1978, China ranked number 23 in world trade. By 2006, China was the third largest trading nation in both imports and exports, with a total trade volume of $1.8 trillion, generating a surplus of $177.8 billion. China  had little foreign direct investment (FDI)  before  1992  but has  been competing  with the US in recent years as the world’s largest host of foreign capital. 
China is the  world’s largest producer  and  consumer of many key industrial  and  agricultural products, including steel, cement, coal, fertilizers, colour TVs, cloth,  cereals, meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, cotton and rapeseeds. By 2006, China had constructed 3.48 million km of highways  and 45,460 km  of motorways,  or five  times the total length of motorways in the UK. China is currently constructing the  same length of the entire UK motorway system every two years. In 1978, China  had only 598 universities  recruiting 0.4 million students, by 2006, it had 1,800 universities  recruiting  over  5  million students  and  sending another 120,000 students abroad. 
High and sustained economic growth has led  to rapid  industrialisation and  urbanization.  During  1978­2006, agriculture’s share  in national GDP declined  from 28% to 11%, agricultural employment in national employment from 71% to 45%, rural population in national population from 82% to 57%.

transforming the former  plan system to a  mixed  plan and market system.  The  approach of reform is gradual, guided by Deng’s theory of ‘Crossing the River by  Feeling the Stones’. The  reform was  carefully managed with appropriate  experimentation,  accurate  timing, correct sequence  and  manageable  scale. Reforms progressed from agriculture and the countryside to the urban economy and state­owned enterprises, from the real economic sectors to the banking and  other financial sectors, and from prices to the labour and capital markets, etc. 
Adopting  appropriate  development strategies is  another  reason for  China’s  success. Development strategies  are shifted from import substitution to export­  push and from closed­door to openness and globalisation.
China’s  reforms  have been guided by  some  important development theories  unavailable  from existing  economics  text books.  One  such theory  is  ‘Spots  to Lead Areas’ development, which is featured with some growing centres propelling  the growth in the  surrounding areas  and  then remote regions  through the  transmission of growth momentum incubated in the growth centres. In the early  1980s, China established the special economic zones and open coastal cities to be  the country’s growth centres.  Another theory  is  ‘Walking with Two Legs’ development to improve  China’s  capability  in science,  technology  and  innovation.  China  has  relied  heavily  on foreign technologies through direct purchase or indirectly through FDI to improve  productivity.  It has  also invested  heavily  to improve its  ability in technological innovation and knowledge creation at home.

is now faced  with many challenges and  constraints.  The  most important problems  include  high and  rising inequality,  corruption and  persistency  of poverty,  environmental pollution,  and  over­dependency on non­renewable  resources.  All these problems could loom so large that China may become vulnerable to various  crises.  China’s GDP is about 5%  (14% in PPP terms)  of the  world total but it consumes more than one­third of the world’s outputs of coal, steel and cement.  China’s past pattern of industrial growth is unlikely to be sustainable in the future.  Rising inequality and  corruption are two major social and  political issues  which can  render China vulnerable to social and  political unrest,  causing  unwanted  disruption to its economic progress.

challenges. Some policies have been implemented to resolve these problems through building  a harmonious society  and reducing income inequality.  In agriculture, more land  will be converted into forest and grass. Agricultural production will become more  efficient and  less  dependent on chemical fertilisers and pesticides.  More  investments will be made in the rural areas to improve farm incomes and reduce  urban­rural and inter­regional inequality.  More  effective  measures  are  being  adopted to combat corruption and strengthen the leadership of the Communist Party.  Huge  investments  have  been planned  for  the  next 30  years  to greatly  improve the  country’s  human capital, research and innovation capability in the  strategic  areas  of  space, energy,  environment,  computer  and  internet,  biology  and  medicine, military  affairs  and defence,  transportation and  telecommunications, etc. 
If  the current policies are ineffective, China’s growth can slow down, leading to higher unemployment and more  poverty.  In this  scenario, the  chance  of  China  becoming a superpower will be small. If all policies are effectively implemented, China  will be  able to maintain high growth, to reduce inequality,  poverty,  and  corruption, to improve production efficiency and the environment. In this scenario, China  will overtake Japan to become the second largest economy by 2017 and  the US by 2037, and will become another superpower. This prediction is based on the assumption that all countries continue to grow in the next 30 years following  their own growth trends in the past three decades and that GDP is measured in nominal dollars,  not in PPP dollars.  By 2037, China  will also become a  world  leader  of  science  and technology  and have  sufficient military  and/or  diplomatic  capability to compete with the US in maintaining  regional and global peace and  order.

role all over the world and Asia is no exception.
-Trade relations(Most of the market is filled with Chinese goods)
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The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), or Shanghai Pact,[is a Eurasian political, economic, and military organisation which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organisation. On July 10, 2015, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.

And China plays a big role in ( sco) organization that include Asian countries

prevention of international conflicts and their peaceful settlement;

Effective regional cooperation in political, trade-economic, defense, law enforcement, environmental, cultural, scientific, technical, educational, energy, transport, credit and financial and other fields of common interest;

can say that Africa plays a big role in China. Because Africa is rich in natural resources such as gas oil, gold, diamonds.

In total, in 2013, the import of crude oil from Africa covered 23% of China's needs.

China's interest in Africa is absolutely understandable. In the region, huge reserves of natural resources are concentrated, about 60% of untreated farmland, a huge domestic market with growing purchasing power and an entire army of potential and at the same time low-paid workers.