Содержание
- 2. Outline Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Electrolysis PV and electrolysis Fuel Cells
- 3. Thermal Energy We already know that in order to increase by 1°C the 1 gram of
- 4. Specific Heat The Specific Heat measurement unit, c naturally is: cal/(g·°C) = = 4.184 J/(g·°C) or
- 5. Heat Storage Assume you have 1 ton of water at 94°C in a room. After some
- 6. Table of Specific Heat for Various Materials. Which material is best for heat storage? Remember that
- 7. Specific Heat (C) of H2O Water: J/(g·°K) - gas,100 °C 2.08 - liquid, 25 °C 4.1813
- 8. Specific Heat
- 9. Losses Losses are linearly related to the temperature difference Δt (temperature gradient)!
- 10. Specific Heat of: Fusion and Vaporization Specific Heat of Fusion: Amount of energy needed to turn
- 11. H2O: From Ice to Vapor How much Energy is needed to turn ice into vapor? 5
- 12. H2O: From Ice to Vapor Energy needed to melt the ice: 333 J/g = specific heat
- 13. Phase change storage!
- 14. Coffee Joulies
- 15. Coffee Joulies
- 17. Enthalpy Enthalpy or heat content (denoted as H or ΔH, or rarely as χ) is a
- 18. Enthalpy Enthalpy, H = {Energy content}/mass = E/m measured in J/g or J/kg. Importantly, in many
- 19. Humidity Absolute Relative Absolute Humidity = weight of water in the volume of air, g/m3; …
- 20. Relative humidity Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure (or density) of
- 21. Psychrometer DRY BULB WET BULB
- 22. Dependence of Relative humidity and Temperature.
- 23. Anti-condensation bathroom mirror
- 24. Anti-condensation bathroom mirror
- 25. Chemical Energy The weight of a proton or neutron is 1.66 · 10-24 g Since the
- 26. Avogadro Number’s Holiday October 23 is called Mole Day. It is an informal holiday in honor
- 27. Heat of Formation Reactions can be endothermic – absorption of heat takes place, temperature of ambience
- 28. Exothermic Endothermic
- 29. Exothermic & Endothermic reactions
- 30. Heats of Formation
- 31. Hydrogen and water We all know: H2 + O2 ? H2O But the correct reaction formula
- 32. Electrolysis. However, what is the future? Hydrogen Combustion Engines? Hydrogen Fuel Cells? Large Ocean Solar Stations?
- 33. PV and electrolysis. Storage of solar energy is a problem yet to be solved. Hydrogen is
- 34. Electrolysers
- 35. Electrolysers
- 36. Electrolysers
- 38. Its efficiency is a function primarily of membrane and electrocatalyst performance. This becomes crucial under high-current
- 39. Photoelectrochemical cells In this type of photoelectrochemical cells, electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen gas
- 40. How to store Hydrogen? Cylinders – compressed hydrogen Metal Hydrate Compounds Cryogenic storage Chemical Storage Carbon
- 42. Cylinders – compressed hydrogen requires energy to acomplish lower energy density when compared to a traditional
- 43. Metal Hydrates MgH2, NaAlH4, LiAlH4, LiH, LaNi5H6, TiFeH2 and palladium hydride similar to a sponge, 1-2%
- 44. Cryogenic storage Liquid hydrogen typically has to be stored at 20o Kelvin or -253o C. again,
- 45. Cryogenic storage
- 46. Chemical Storage Some examples of various techniques include ammonia cracking, partial oxidation, methanol cracking, etc. These
- 47. Carbon nanotube storage Carbon nanotubes are microscopic tubes of carbon, two nanometers (billionths of a meter)
- 48. Glass Microspheres Tiny hollow glass spheres can be used to safely store hydrogen. The glass spheres
- 49. Liquid Carrier (Carbohydrate) Storage This is the technical term for the hydrogen being stored in the
- 50. Hydrogen Safety The range of explosion proportion in air is rather wide, starting at 4%. Hydrogen
- 51. Hydrogen Use Internal Combustion Engines PEM Fuel Cells
- 52. PEM Fuel Cells
- 53. PEM Fuel Cells Acts like a battery, delivering electricity with efficiencies around 55%. This “battery” does
- 54. PEM Fuel Cells
- 55. PEM Fuel Cells H2ECOnomy
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