Catholics vs Protestants: the dawn of Republicanism

Содержание

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Overview: Ireland in the 16th century Poynings’ Law Religious issues Ireland

Overview:

Ireland in the 16th century
Poynings’ Law
Religious issues
Ireland in the 17th century
Flight

of the Earls
Oliver Cromwell
James II vs William of Orange
Ireland in the 18th century
Catholics vs Protestants
Industry
Theobald Wolfe Tone
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Ireland in the XVI-th century Henry VII (1485 – 1509) 1494

Ireland in the XVI-th century

Henry VII (1485 – 1509)
1494 Sir Edward

Poynings made Lord-Deputy of Ireland
1495 “Poynings’ Law”: the Irish Parliament – English King’s permission – laws – approved by the King of England

Henry VII

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Ireland in the XVI-th century Henry VIII (1509 – 1547) Head

Ireland in the XVI-th century

Henry VIII (1509 – 1547)
Head of the

Irish Church
The Reformation
To make Ireland Protestant
1541 recognized as King of Ireland by the Irish Parliament
Religious issues!

Henry VIII

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Ireland in the XVI-th century Edward VI (1547 – 1553) Policy

Ireland in the XVI-th century

Edward VI (1547 – 1553)
Policy hardened
Military campaigns

against Irish chiefs
Attempt to “plant” loyal English people in Ireland
Land confiscated -> given to English settlers
attacks from the Irish

Edward VI

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Ireland in the XVI-th century Mary I (1553 – 1558) 1st

Ireland in the XVI-th century

Mary I (1553 – 1558)
1st successful plantation
Laois

/ˈliːʃ/ and Offally

Queen Mary I

Elisabeth I (1558 – 1603)
1579 – 1583 Earl Desmond: rebellion
Crushed, the land confiscated, given to English colonists
1592 Trinity College founded

Queen Elisabeth I

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Ireland in the XVI-th century 1593 – 1603 rebellion in Ulster

Ireland in the XVI-th century

1593 – 1603 rebellion in Ulster
Hugh O’Neill

the Earl of Tyrone, an Irish Gaelic lord
Leader of the rebellion
1598 Victory at Yellow Ford
1601 the battle of Kinsale
O’Neill defeated

Hugh
O’Neill

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Ireland in the XVII-th century 1607 Hugh O’Neill and Rory O’Donnell

Ireland in the XVII-th century

1607 Hugh O’Neill and Rory O’Donnell ->

to France -> the flight of the Earls
Land confiscated
James I: the plantation of Ulster (1610 – 1613)
Protestant settlers: outnumbering the native Irish
1641 rebellion in Ulster, massacres of Protestants

Co. Donegal

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Ireland in the XVII-th century 1642 – 1651: the Civil War

Ireland in the XVII-th century

1642 – 1651: the Civil War in

England, King Charles I executed (1649)
Oliver Cromwell: to crush resistance, impose Protestantism
1649 Drogheda captured, defenders massacred
The civil population terrorized
The 1652 Act of Settlement ->
The Catholic nobility -> Connaught
A new Protestant ruling class

Oliver Cromwell

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The man who could take Drogheda could take hell. - Sir

The man who could take Drogheda could take hell. - Sir

Arthur Aston, Royalist commander of Drogheda

Oliver Cromwell mural in Northern Ireland

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Ireland in the XVII-th century 1653 – 1654 – another plantation

Ireland in the XVII-th century

1653 – 1654 – another plantation
Irish Catholics

-> less fertile lands west of the River Shannon
Confiscated lands -> Englishmen
1660 – export of cattle to England banned
Booming exports of meat and butter
Ireland: lower labour costs
1699 – export of wool forbidden (England! + )
High import duties, little demand, exports ended
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Ireland in the XVII-th century England: James II: Catholic, unpopular. 1688:

Ireland in the XVII-th century

England: James II: Catholic, unpopular.
1688: deposed, fled

to France
William of Orange and his wife Mary invited (Dutch, Protestant)
1689: James, Jacobites, Kinsale
Derry: William
1689: James, siege of Derry
1 July 1690: the Battle of the Boyne
James defeated. Siege of Limerick
The Treaty of Limerick. Lenient to Catholics

William of Orange

James II

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Penal Laws for Catholics (XVII – XVIII cent.) Banned from the

Penal Laws for Catholics (XVII – XVIII cent.)

Banned from the Parliament
No

right to vote / go to school / buy land
The 1704 Act: all MPs -> the Church of Ireland
By 1778: 5% of the land -> Catholics
Taxes to the Church of Ireland
The 1719 Act: the Irish Parliament -> subordinate
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Ireland in the XVIII-th century From 1778 -> restrictions repealed Catholics:

Ireland in the XVIII-th century

From 1778 -> restrictions repealed
Catholics: allowed to

lease and buy land (1782)
1782: Poynings’ Law repealed
1792: allowed to practice as lawyers and marry Protestants
1793: allowed to vote
1795: seminary founded in Maynooth (Co. Kildare)

National Seminary
St. Patrick’s College Maynooth

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St. Patrick’s College Maynooth

St. Patrick’s College Maynooth

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Ireland in the XVIII-th century Linen industry 1711: Linen Board Concentrated

Ireland in the XVIII-th century

Linen industry
1711: Linen Board
Concentrated in the north
1782:

Belfast
The north: industrialization
The south: agricultural
Population: 2 mln in 1700 vs 5 mln in 1800
1783: the Bank of Ireland
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Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763 –1798) The Enlightenment 1791: the Society of

Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763 –1798)

The Enlightenment
1791: the Society of United Irishmen
Independent

republic
Religious equality
Fled abroad
1796: the French fleet
May 1798: risings in Wexford, Wicklow, Mayo
No unity -> crushed
Wolfe tone captured and jailed
Died in prison
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Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen Theobald Wolfe Tone: his education

Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen

Theobald Wolfe Tone:
his education
Personality
job, personal life
Skills
the

United Irishmen (its status and aim)
the English government
the French and their advantage
The English and their advantage
the great gamble of the French
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H/W: The Curse of Cromwell by W.B. Yeats: read the poem

H/W:

The Curse of Cromwell by W.B. Yeats: read the poem and

say what curse the poet is talking about.
Links:
https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-curse-of-cromwell/
https://www.counter-currents.com/2011/06/w-b-yeats/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zttpsbk
Watch the videos and put down the key facts:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDmOEQJrqvw Week 2, Lecture 8 - Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5n40pXtzKE
Week 2, Lecture 9 - The Bantry Bay Invasion, 1796
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Extra Resources (video): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1yB4fJp4qU Wolfe Tone and the Protestants of 1798

Extra Resources (video):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1yB4fJp4qU Wolfe Tone and the Protestants of 1798 (Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZkJc1RdK6Q

Wolfe Tone - The Protestant Republican (short documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEZ2WgVwrGg - The Legacy of Wolfe Tone
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Extra Resources: http://www.countysongs.ie/song/?songtheme=Flight%20of%20Earls – Flight of the Earls http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/oliver-cromwells-war-crimes-the-massacre-of-drogheda-this-day-in-1649 - Cromwell

Extra Resources:

http://www.countysongs.ie/song/?songtheme=Flight%20of%20Earls – Flight of the Earls
http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/oliver-cromwells-war-crimes-the-massacre-of-drogheda-this-day-in-1649 - Cromwell
http://www.historytoday.com/tom-reilly/cromwell-irish-question - Cromwell
http://www.iisresource.org/documents/0a3_trafford_ks3_y8.pdf

- Henry VIII and others
http://www.historyireland.com/early-modern-history-1500-1700/the-battle-of-kinsale-1601/ - Battle of Kinsale
http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm - The Battle of the Boyne
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E703001-010/text001.html - The Treaty of Limerick
http://www.evangelicaltruth.com/orange-html - the Orange Order
http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/Eighteenth-Century-Ireland/Irish-Penal-Laws.php - Penal Laws