The Second Germanic Invasion of Britain

of several Germanic peoples-the suebic tribes of the angles, Saxons, and Jutes from the Western shores of Europe and their settlement on the island of Brittius in the 5th century. The exact date of the first campaigns is unknown, but it is clear that the invasion began at the beginning of the fifth century after the final departure of the Roman troops in 410 and continued for some time after that. In Latin texts, the migration to Britain was first called "Adventus Saxonum" in 540 by Gildas.

tribes-the Saxons, the angles, and the Jutes. The Utes settled mainly in Kent and on the South coast, and soon ceased to differ from the Saxons and angles. The angles settled in the East and in the Central part, and the Saxons-between the Utes and the angles, on a strip of land from the mouth of the Thames and further West. The migrations of the Anglo-Saxons gave Britain a new name-England, that is, "the land of the angles".

At first, the Germanic tribes only raided Britain, but after 430 ad they began to settle there. The aliens were warlike and illiterate.The knowledge available to us about this period comes mainly from an English monk named Bid, but he lived three centuries later. His account of events in the "Spiritual history of the English people" was generally correct and confirmed archaeologically.

in German, "Saxon" corresponded to the meaning - "gear man" - "armed (with a spear) man" — (spear — spear-spire, peak) or "man at arms".
In Britain, the name Saxons was used for all military invaders, later called Vikings.

"sax" - a dagger. Culture Hallstatt — 750 — 450 BC

best they could. Over the next century, however, the newcomers slowly squeezed them out in a westerly direction, until they were driven - by 570-to the West of Gloucester. As a result, most of the Celts were driven to the mountainous regions far to the West, which the Saxons called "Wellas", or Wales, that is, "the land of strangers". Some Celts went to Cornwall, where they later recognized the power of the Saxon lords. In the North, other Celts were driven into Lowlands, the southern part of the country which was later called Scotland. Some Celts remained on their land and many of them became slaves of the Saxons. In Britain, little remains of the Celtic language or culture other than the names of some rivers – the Thames, Mercia, Severn and Avon – and the two main cities – London and Leeds.

part of the country which was later called Scotland. Some Celts remained on their land and many of them became slaves of the Saxons. In Britain, little remains of the Celtic language or culture other than the names of some rivers – the Thames, Mercia, Severn and Avon – and the two main cities – London and Leeds.

days of the week are named after the Germanic gods: Tid-Tuesday (Tuesday), Wodin-Wednesday (Wednesday), Thor-Thursday (Thursday), Frei-Friday (Friday). New place names also appeared on maps. Some of them confirm that the early Saxon villages, like the Celtic ones, were family settlements. The ending-ing meant belonging to a family or nationality, so " Reading "meant the residence of the red family, and" Hastings " meant the Hest family. "Ham" meant a farm, " ton " meant a settlement. Birmingham, Nottingham, or Southampton, for example, are Saxon place names. Since the Anglo-Saxon kings often established settlements, it is often found the name of Kington.

part of the country which was later called Scotland. Some Celts remained on their land and many of them became slaves of the Saxons. In Britain, little remains of the Celtic language or culture other than the names of some rivers – the Thames, Mercia, Severn and Avon – and the two main cities – London and Leeds.

– king Offa of Mercia – claimed the "Kingdom of the angles". There was a good reason for this. He had enough power to hire thousands of men and build a huge earthworks-along the entire Welsh border-to contain the restless Celts. But though he was the most powerful of the kings of his time, yet he did not control all of England.

king's power depended on the personal loyalty of his supporters. After the death of the king, the next ruler should have evoked the same sense of personal loyalty to himself. Most believed that the main duty of a man was the family, which was previously the case with the Celts. However, everything changes. Saxon kings began to replace loyalty to the family, putting in its place loyalty to the Lord and the king.