US History. Lecture 5

Август 11, 2022

Главная
История
US History. Lecture 5

Содержание

2. Pennsylvania: a new English colony on east coast Founded by William Penn, a Quaker in 1682
3. The Treaty of Penn with the Indians by B.West (1771-1772)
4. Carolina: a new English colony The first settlers arrived in Charles Town in 1670 The colony
5. New Amsterdam became New York The English fought and won three wars with the Dutch (1652-1672)
6. 18th century immigration The population in the colonies grew: in 1700 – 250 000 people, by
7. Picture Slave Traffic from the book
8. 18th century: growth and prosperity in the colonies (translated into consumerism) Picture from the book
9. Intellectual life: the Enlightenment A transatlantic movement applying scientific reasoning to universe Benjamin Franklin is known
10. The Great Awakening A religious transatlantic movement According to it, all people were equal in the
11. The French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) Was led by the opposing forces of the
12. Pre-Revolutionary Events: The Currency Act (1764) by British government forbade issuing of any colonial currency The
13. The Repeal of the Stamp Act
14. The Boston Massacre (1770) Picture: engraving by Paul Revere The new Townshend Revenue Acts were passed
15. Boston Tea Party (1773) Picture: the litograph "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor" by Nathaniel
16. The Revolutionary War begins To punish Massachusetts, Britain passed a series of Intolerable Acts in 1774.
17. The Revolutionary War (1775-1783) The hostilities began at Lexington in 1775. The Second Continental Congress convened
18. Thomas Paine American society was stirred by ideas of independence. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet “Common Sense” sold
19. The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia picture by J.Trumbull “Declaration
20. End of War 1777: American victory at Saratoga Support of the French 1781: the final victory
21. After the War Lack of economic stability, national debt, speculation in land and property In 1787,
22. The First Government George Washington’s first presidential term began on March 4, 1789. Thomas Jefferson became
23. The two political parties were formed in the late 1700s: Republicans (Federalists): George Washington, Alexander Hamilton
25. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Pennsylvania: a new English colony on east coast
Founded by William Penn,

a Quaker in 1682
Quakers left England in search of religious freedom and a just society
The colony attracted people of different faiths and cultures, though by 1775 a third of the population was German

Слайд 3

The Treaty of Penn with the Indians by B.West (1771-1772)

Слайд 4

Carolina: a new English colony
The first settlers arrived in Charles Town

in 1670
The colony had its Constitutions written by A.Cooper and his secretary J.Locke
Indian slave trade was common

Слайд 5

New Amsterdam became New York
The English fought and won three wars

with the Dutch (1652-1672)
Charles II granted the territory btw the Connecticut and the Delaware rivers to his brother James, Duke of York
As the area was occupied by the Dutch, in 1664 James conquered the colony of New Amsterdam easily
The colony became part English and part Dutch

Слайд 6

18th century immigration
The population in the colonies grew: in 1700 –

250 000 people, by 1750 – more than a million
Primarily English but also people of German, Swiss, Swedish, Finnish, Scotch-Irish, Welsh heritage
African population increase was even more dramatic: by mid 18th century – 300 000. Especially in southern colonies (South Carolina) due to slave traffic from Senegambia, Gold Coast, West Central Africa

Слайд 7

Picture Slave Traffic from the book

Слайд 8

18th century: growth and prosperity in the colonies (translated into consumerism)
Picture

from the book

Слайд 9

Intellectual life: the Enlightenment
A transatlantic movement applying scientific reasoning to universe
Benjamin

Franklin is known as the inventor of the lightning rod, bifocals, etc; as a political writer (“The Pennsylvania Gazette”); a diplomat (American-French relations); in 1731 took an active part in establishing the Library Company in Philadelphia (the first lending library in America)

Слайд 10

The Great Awakening
A religious transatlantic movement
According to it, all people were

equal in the eyes of God as born sinners, which couldn’t be helped by ministers
Advocated by a popular preacher George Whitefield whose sermons gathered crowds

Слайд 11

The French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)
Was led by the

opposing forces of the British and the French with their Indian allies
During the war, the British evicted 10 000 Acadians (French residents of Nova Scotia), some of them settled in Louisiana and came to be named “Cajuns”
The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763. Britain gained Canada. France gave New Orleans to Spain as compensation for losing Florida which the British claimed

Слайд 12

Pre-Revolutionary Events:
The Currency Act (1764) by British government forbade issuing of

any colonial currency
The Sugar Act (1764) dropped the duty but established elaborate procedures to collect it
The Stamp Act (1765) was the first direct tax on Americans. It placed tax on documents, newspapers and ads in them.
The Quartering Act (1765) required colonies to provide housing for British troops.
The colonists objected to all, but the Stamp Act aroused most violent protests (esp. in Boston where the opposition “The Sons of Liberty” was created). Due to protests the Stamp Act was never enforced.

Слайд 13

The Repeal of the Stamp Act

Слайд 14

The Boston Massacre (1770)
Picture: engraving by Paul Revere
The new Townshend Revenue

Acts were passed in 1767 (on lead, paint, paper, glass and tea)
The “Sons of Liberty” organized a non-importation movement
The British seized a ship “Liberty” and sent troops to maintain order.
The tensions grew into the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770

Слайд 15

Boston Tea Party (1773)
Picture: the litograph "The Destruction of Tea at

Boston Harbor" by Nathaniel Currier, 1846
After the Boston Massacre, the Townshend duties were repealed except the one for tea
Governor Hutchinson decided that it would be in Boston where the tea would be sold and the duty collected
on December 16, 1773 50 colonists disguised as Indians boarded the tea-ships and threw the tea into Boston Harbor (90 000 pounds)

Слайд 16

The Revolutionary War begins
To punish Massachusetts, Britain passed a series of

Intolerable Acts in 1774. Port of Boston was closed. The King was to appoint Massachusetts officials.
The colonies sent their delegates to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia in September, 1774.
The new Massachusetts governor Gage was ready to take decisive actions against colonists: take their military supplies in Concord.
On the night of April 18, the silversmith Paul Revere and the tanner William Dawes carried the message that the British were on the move. The Minute Men began to gather.

Слайд 17

The Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
The hostilities began at Lexington in 1775.
The Second

Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in May, 1775. It voted to create an army. It came under command of George Washington (picture – Valley Forge.
One of major battles and American victories was in June 1775 at Bunker Hill.

Слайд 18

Thomas Paine
American society was stirred by ideas of independence. Thomas Paine’s

pamphlet “Common Sense” sold 75 000 copies.
It advocated a government separate from Britain.

Слайд 19

The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 in

Philadelphia picture by J.Trumbull “Declaration of Independence”, 1819

Слайд 20

End of War
1777: American victory at Saratoga
Support of the French
1781:

the final victory at Yorktown led to British surrender
1783: the Treaty of Paris. Britain recognized American independence. The painting depicts the British Major General Charles Cornwallis, surrendering to French and American forces after the Siege of Yorktown (September 28 – October 19, 1781). This oil painting on canvas was commissioned by American artist John Trumbull in 1817. It is now located in the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington D.C.

Слайд 21

After the War
Lack of economic stability, national debt, speculation in land

and property
In 1787, 55 representatives from the states met in Philadelphia to work out the Constitution.
the most important role was played by James Madison, political thinker and liberty advocate.
The Constitution came into effect in 1788 when ratified by nine states. The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.

Слайд 22

The First Government
George Washington’s first presidential term began on March 4,

1789. Thomas Jefferson became the Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton – the secretary of treasury. John Adams became Vice President.

Слайд 23

The two political parties were formed in the late 1700s:
Republicans (Federalists):

George Washington, Alexander Hamilton – were committed to the union and the new government

Anti-Republicans or
Democratic Republicans:
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison – opposed a strong central government

US History. Lecture 5

Содержание

Pennsylvania: a new English colony on east coastFounded by William Penn,

The Treaty of Penn with the Indians by B.West (1771-1772)

Carolina: a new English colonyThe first settlers arrived in Charles Town

New Amsterdam became New YorkThe English fought and won three wars

18th century immigrationThe population in the colonies grew: in 1700 –

Picture Slave Traffic from the book

18th century: growth and prosperity in the colonies (translated into consumerism)Picture

Intellectual life: the EnlightenmentA transatlantic movement applying scientific reasoning to universeBenjamin

The Great AwakeningA religious transatlantic movementAccording to it, all people were

The French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)Was led by the

Pre-Revolutionary Events:The Currency Act (1764) by British government forbade issuing of

The Repeal of the Stamp Act

The Boston Massacre (1770)Picture: engraving by Paul RevereThe new Townshend Revenue

Boston Tea Party (1773)Picture: the litograph "The Destruction of Tea at

The Revolutionary War beginsTo punish Massachusetts, Britain passed a series of

The Revolutionary War (1775-1783)The hostilities began at Lexington in 1775.The Second

Thomas PaineAmerican society was stirred by ideas of independence. Thomas Paine’s