Blood biochemistry

Blood costituents

Major Functions of Blood

Transport of O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes
Thermoregulation
pH

Plasma vs. Serum

Chemical composition of blood

Proteins
Functions:
π, V, pH
Viscosity
Transport
Blood clotting
Immunity
Amino acid source

Immunoglobulins

Chemical composition of blood

C-reactive protein
Interferon
Antitrypsin
Enzymes: - excretory
-

Secretory enzymes

Blood clotting enzymes
Serum cholinesterase

Excretory enzymes

Alkaline phosphatase
Leucine aminopeptidase

Indicator enzymes

AST
ALT
Creatine kinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
Glutamate dehydrogenase etc.

Hypoproteinemia - kidneys and liver lesions, protein deficiency
Hyperproteinemia - severe diarrhea,

Chemical composition of blood

Non-protein nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen-free organic compounds
Electrolytes
Micronutrients

Blood lipoproteins

Blood cations

Blood anions

Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphates

Blood buffer systems

Bicarbonate
СО2 + Н2О ↔ Н2СО3 ↔ Н+ + НСО3-
Phosphate
Н2РО4-

Blood buffer systems

Hemoglobin
KHb + Н2СО3 → КНСО3 + ННb
Protein
NH2−Protein −COOH

Eritrocyte metabolism

No nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria
Anaerobic glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway
2,3-biphosphoglicerate regulates Hb affinity

O2 transport

Bohr effect

CO2 transport

CO2 transport

Blood clotting

The scheme of blood coagulation

Blood clotting factors

Factor I (fibrinogen)
Factor II (prothrombin)
Factor III (tissue factor, or

Blood clotting factors

Factor IX (antihemophylic globulin B, Christmas factor)
Factor X (Stuart

The formation of the γ-carboxyglutamate residue

Vit K

II, VII, IX, X

Ca binding

Fibrin polymerisation

Anticoagulant system

Anticoagulant system

Fibrinolysis

Pathologies

Hemophilia A – factor VIII
Hemophilia B – factor IX
Thrombophilia

Hemophilia