Equipment and instruments of dental clinic. Passive Voice Past Perfect

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Endo motor – Silver Reciproc – VDW. Endodontics includes a treatment

Endo motor – Silver Reciproc – VDW. Endodontics includes a treatment

of root canals inside the tooth. Inside these canals, there is dental pulp, which is removed if there is inflammation in the tooth, thus creating a space inside the tooth. This space has to be treated, extended, cleaned and then filled so that the tooth can regain its functions.
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Apex locator – Raypex 5 – VDW. This device is used

Apex locator – Raypex 5 – VDW.
This device is

used in endodontic treatment. It is used to measure the length of the root canal space precisely and to determine the position of apical foramen, a narrow opening at the apex of the dental root, through which the nerve and blood vessels supplying the dental pulp pass from the adjacent bone. Apex locator compares the tissue resistance between two electrodes.
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Electrocauter ART. This device is used to treat --soft tissues --gums

Electrocauter ART.
This device is used to treat
--soft tissues
--gums
--fumbriated fold of

the tongue
The device works with a high frequency electric current and can be used for coagulation (cessation of bleeding) or for incision. An advantage of the incision by an electric current is a significantly lower post-operative painfulness and quicker healing than if the usual surgical tools (scalpels)
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Mirror Dental mirrors are used by the dentist or dental auxiliary

Mirror
Dental mirrors are used by the dentist or dental auxiliary to

view a mirror image of the teeth in locations of the mouth where visibility is difficult or impossible. They also are useful for reflecting light onto desired surfaces, indirect vision, and with retraction of soft tissues to improve access or vision.
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A high-speed dental handpiece. They belong to the category of mechanical

A high-speed dental handpiece.
They belong to the category of mechanical tools

and parts are dental devices for fastening them in cutting tools and torque transfer from the sleeve installation to the cutting tool.
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Burs Dental Burs cutting surface are either made of a multifluted

Burs
Dental Burs cutting surface are either made of a multifluted tungsten

carbide, a diamond coated tip or a stainless steel multi fluted rosehead. There are many different types and classifications of burs some of the most common are: the round bur (sizes ¼ to 10) or inverted cone (sizes 33½ to 90L). Burs are also classified by the type of shank. For instance a latch type, or right angle bur is only used in the slow speed handpiece with contra-angle attachment
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Passive Voice (страдательный залог) обозначает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а

Passive Voice (страдательный залог) обозначает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а

испытывает на себе действие другого предмета.
Страдательный залог образуется из вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и Participle II смыслового глагола.
Предлоги ‹by› и ‹with› в Passive Voice.
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Формула страдательного залога в Past Perfect (утверждение): Subject+had+been+ V3 Вопросительная форма:

Формула страдательного залога в Past Perfect (утверждение): Subject+had+been+ V3
Вопросительная форма: Had

+ subject + been + V3?
Отрицательная форма: Subject + had + been + V3
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Past Perfect Tense into Passive Voice : I had already posted

Past Perfect Tense into Passive Voice : I had already posted the

letter. (active voice) The letter had already been posted by me. (passive voice) 
Our team had won the match. (active voice) The match had been won by our team. (passive voice) 
The noise had frightened the horse. (active voice) The horse had been frightened by the noise. (passive voice)