Introduction in topographic anatomy and operative surgery

Август 4, 2022

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Introduction in topographic anatomy and operative surgery

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2. Topographical anatomy is a science about the dimensional structure of healthy human body organs, tissues and
3. The operative surgery is a science about surgical operations, methods of surgical operations, the essence of
4. M.I. Pyrogov ( 1810-1881)
5. Classification of operations Emergency Urgent Planned Bloodless Bloody Radical Palliative Single stage Stage operations
6. Operative approach means to make the wound for the exposure of the organ to be operated
7. Operative method – the main part of the operation, performing the action contained in the name
8. General surgical instruments Scalpels
9. Positions of scalpels, forceps а —scalpels; 1 — position of bow; 2 — position of table
10. The scissors
11. The surgical saw
12. Forceps
13. Retractors
14. Instruments for the arrest bleeding
15. Needles
16. Suture material Absorbable Plain catgut Chromic catgut Polyglycolic synthetics Nonabsorbable - Natural (silk, cotton) Synthetic braids
17. Type of sutures Interrupted Continuous
18. Regions of the Head and Neck
20. Layer Structure of Fronto-parieto-occipital Region Skin; subcutaneous tissues; gala aponeurotica; loose areolar tissue; periosteum (pericranium); loose
22. Arterial and nerve supply of the Scalp The supratrochlear and the supraorbital arteries in company with
24. The venous drainage of the Scalp The supratrochlear and supraorbital veins (to from the facial vein).
26. Temporal region and parotid regions
27. Layer Structure of Temporal Region Skin; subcutaneous tissues; temporal aponeurosis: - external lamina; - loose areolar
28. The four arteries anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain and form the circulus arteriosus
29. Internal base the skull,dura mater,venous sinuses and cranial nerves
31. Decompression trepanation
34. Potential places of intracranial hematoma
37. Скачать презентацию

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Topographical anatomy is a science about the dimensional structure of

healthy human body organs, tissues and parts of the body

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The operative surgery is a science about surgical operations, methods

of surgical operations, the essence of which comes to mechanical action upon the organs and tissues with diagnostic, medical or reconstructive purpose.

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M.I. Pyrogov ( 1810-1881)

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Classification of operations
Emergency
Urgent
Planned
Bloodless
Bloody
Radical
Palliative
Single stage
Stage operations

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Operative approach means to make the wound for the

exposure of the organ to be operated on

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Operative method – the main part of the operation, performing

the action contained in the name of the operation

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General surgical instruments
Scalpels

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Positions of scalpels, forceps
а —scalpels; 1 — position of bow; 2

— position of table knife; 3 —writing pen; 4 — amputating knife; б — forceps

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The scissors

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The surgical saw

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Forceps

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Retractors

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Instruments for the arrest bleeding

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Needles

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Suture material
Absorbable
Plain catgut
Chromic catgut
Polyglycolic synthetics
Nonabsorbable
- Natural (silk, cotton)
Synthetic braids (Ticron, Tevdek,

Ethibond)
Synthetic monofilament ( nylon, Prolen)
Monofilament stainless
- Steel wire

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Type of sutures
Interrupted
Continuous

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Regions of the Head and Neck

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Layer Structure of Fronto-parieto-occipital Region
Skin;
subcutaneous tissues;
gala aponeurotica;
loose areolar tissue;
periosteum (pericranium);
loose areolar

tissue;
bone (internal, external lamina and diploe).

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Arterial and nerve supply of the Scalp
The supratrochlear and the supraorbital

arteries in company with supratrochlear and the supraorbital nerves.
The superficial temporal artery,zygomaticotemporal and auriculotemporal nerve.
The posterior auricular artery and lesser occipital nerve (cervical plexus C2)
The occiptal artery and greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of the second cervical nerve).

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The venous drainage of the Scalp
The supratrochlear and supraorbital veins (to

from the facial vein).
The superficial temporal vein (to from the retromandibular vein).
The postrior auricular vein (to from the external jugular vein).
The occipital vein (into the suboccipital venous plexus, in turn into the vertebral veins, occasionally forward into the internal jugular vein.
The veins of the Scalp freely anastomose with another and are connected to the diploic veins and the intracranial venous sinuses by the valveless emissary veins.

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Temporal region and parotid regions

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Layer Structure of Temporal Region
Skin;
subcutaneous tissues;
temporal aponeurosis:
- external lamina;
-

loose areolar tissue;
- internal lamina;
4. subaponeurotical fat;
5. temporal muscle;
6. submuscular loose areolar tissue;
7. pericranium;
8. temporal bone.

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