Peculiarities of organization of medicaal aid rendering to the damaged population in case of emergency situations. Lecture №4

Август 8, 2022

Главная
Медицина
Peculiarities of organization of medicaal aid rendering to the damaged population in case of emergency situations. Lecture №4

Содержание

2. УЧЕБНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ : 1.Notion on the first aid rendering to the damaged in emergency situations. 2.Means
3. The principal aim of the first aid is saving of the victim’s life, liquidation of the
4. 1. The first aid The optimal time for the first aid rendering is up to 30
5. The first aid Thе first aid measures are as follows: temporary hemorrhage arrest; application of a
6. Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2011 N 323-FL"Оn the principles of health
7. 2. Means used at the first aid rendering in case of emergency situations For the first
8. For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are used For the first aid rendering
9. For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are used In case of natural disasters,
10. Тable means Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2). It is a plastic box with sockets for medical means used
11. Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2) IK-2 contains a set of medical means located in sockets in a plastic
12. Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs) are meant for decontamination of droplet-liquid poisonous substances and some incident-threatening chemical
13. Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs) IAP-11 is a hermetically sealed membrane of a polymeric material, which contains
14. In case IAPs are lacking, drops (smears) of poisonous substances may be removed with tampons made
15. It is possible to decontaminate droplet-liquid poisonous substances with domestic chemicals. To cleanse the skin of
16. Individual bandaging package (IBP) 4 types of bandaging packages are manufactured industrially in Russia: individual, ordinary,
17. Individual bandaging package (IBP) Individual bandaging package (IBP) is used for application of primary bandages onto
18. The ability to use individual means of the medical aid in case of emergency situations may
19. 3. Methods of the first aid rendering to the damaged people in case of emergency situations
20. . Terminal states This term denotes marginal conditions between life and death , last stages of
21. Terminal states Pre-agonal state, witch is characterized by the victim’s consciousness preservation, but it is confused;
22. Agony, which is characterized by the lack of consciousness, pulse, pupils’ light reaction; irregular, superficial respiration,
23. Clinical death. Its durations is 3-5 minutes. This condition is characterized by the lack of consciousness,
24. Biological death. Is occurs if the victim has not been given the resuscitation aid, and it
25. Evaluation of the victim’s condition severity and determination of indications to cardiac- pulmonary resuscitation performance: Evaluation
26. Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation
27. Checking on the victim’s condition Evaluation of the victim’ consciousness. For this purpose try to talk
28. Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation within the fist aid rendering measures Cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a system of
29. Artificial lung ventilation ( artificial respiration) Artificial respiration is applied in cases of respiratory arrest, if
30. External (indirect) massage of the heart The victim must lie on a rigid surface. His legs
32. Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation If there is only one resuscitator 30 suppressions onto the breastbone and 2
33. Remember! You must always control the patency of the upper respiratory tract. If after the undertaken
34. Mind! In case there are two resuscitators the ratio of compressions to ventilation is 5:1, in
36. Evaluation of cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation effectiveness Pupils' narrowing and appearance of their light reaction. It indicates that
38. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

УЧЕБНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ :
1.Notion on the first aid rendering to the damaged

in emergency situations.
2.Means used at the first aid rendering in emergency situations.
3.Methods of the first aid rendering to the damaged in emergency situations.

Слайд 3

The principal aim of the first aid is saving of the

victim’s life, liquidation of the damaging factor continuous effect and quick evacuation of the victim outside the zone of damage.
The first aid is a complex of simplest medical measures carried out at the place of the injury occurrence in the order of self- and mutual aid, as well as by participants of salvation-
rescue works with the use of table and
improvised means.

Слайд 4

1. The first aid
The optimal time for the first aid rendering

is up to 30 minutes after the trauma, in poisoning - up to 10 minutes. In respiratory arrest this time is decreased up to 5 - 7 minutes.
The importance of the time factor is emphasized by the fact that among individuals received the first aid within 30 minutes after trauma complications occur two times more rarely than in individuals received the aid later than within 30 minutes.

Слайд 5

The first aid
Thе first aid measures are as follows:
temporary

hemorrhage arrest;
application of a sterile bandage onto the wound and burned surface;
artificial respiration and indirect massage of the heart;
injection of antidotes;
giving antibiotics, injection of analgetics (in shock);
extinguishing of burning clothes;
transport immobilization;
warming, sheltering from heat and cold;
putting on the gas mask;
removal of the victim from the contaminated area;
partial sanitary treatment.

Слайд 6

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2011 N

323-FL"Оn the principles of health protection of the RF population" Article 31:

1. Prior to the medical aid rendering the first aid is rendered to the citizens in case of accidents, traumas, poisonings and other conditions and diseases threatening life and health by persons who are obliged to render the first aid according to the Federal Law or to the special rule and who have corresponding training, including the personnel of the RF Internal Affairs organs, by civilian and military personnel of the State fire-protection service, workers of salvation-rescue units and services.
2. The list of conditions in which the first aid is to rendered and the list of measures on the first aid rendering are approved and verified by the federal organ of the executive power under responsibility.
3. Sample educational curricula of the academic cycle, subject and discipline on the first aid rendering are developed be the federal executive organ under responsibility and approved in the order established the RF legislation.
4. Drivers of transport means and other persons have the right to render the first aid in case they have corresponding training or/and skills.

Слайд 7

2. Means used at the first aid rendering in case of

emergency situations

For the first aid rendering both table and improvised means are used.
Table means of the first aid rendering include :
Dressing materials – bandages, medical dressing packages, large and small sterile bandages and napkins, cotton, etc.
For arrest of bleeding tourniquets – tape-like and tubular – are used.
For immobilization performance special splints – plywood, ladder-like, net-like, etc. – are used.

Слайд 8

For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are used

For the first aid rendering some medicamentous means are used :
5 % iodine alcoholic solution in ampules or in a fial;
1—2 % alcoholic brilliant green solution in a fial;
validol in tablets, valerian tincture;
ammonia spirit in ampules;
sodium hydrocarbonate (baking soda) in tablets or in powder, vaseline, etc.
For personal prophylaxis of lesions by radioactive, poisonous substances and bacterial agents in foci of damage an individual first-aid-kit (IK–2) is used.

Слайд 9

For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are used
In

case of natural disasters, industrial, automobile transport incidents and catastrophes, household accidents there sometimes occur situations when table means for the first medical aid rendering are either insufficient or not at hand.
In such cases in order to save the victims’ lives and health improvised means have to be used.
In such conditions the choice and preparation of improvised means are of great importance. For this purpose any objects may be used: pieces of clean fabric, straight tree branches, boards, metallic plates, skis, ropes, soft wires, etc.

Слайд 10

Тable means
Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2). It is a plastic box with

sockets for medical means used for the first medical aid rendering in the order of self- and mutual aid.
Individual first-aid-kit IK-2 contains the medical means used for self- and mutual aid rendering in wounds and burns (to control pain), for prevention and reducing damaging by radioactive, poisoning and life-threatening substances, as well as for prevention of infectious diseases.

Слайд 11

Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2)
IK-2 contains a set of medical means located in

sockets in a plastic box. The size of the box is 90x100х20 mm, its weight is 130 g. The size and shape of the box make it convenient to carry the box in the pocket all time.

Слайд 12

Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs) are meant for decontamination of droplet-liquid poisonous

substances and some incident-threatening chemical substances which have contacted the body and clothing of an individual, means of individual protection and instruments. It is a disposable thing used in the temperature interval from -20оС to +40оС.

Слайд 13

Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs)
IAP-11 is a hermetically sealed membrane of a

polymeric material, which contains non-fabric tampons soaked according to “Langlic” prescription. There are grooves on the membrane sutures for quick opening of the package. When using IAP-11 it is necessary to take the package with the left hand, open the package alongside the groove with a sharp movement of the right hand; take the tampon and evenly cleanse open skin sections (face, neck, hands) and adjacent to them clothing edges with the tampon.
The guaranteed period of IAP storage is 5 years. The weight of the equipped package is 36 – 41 g; its size is 25-135 mm in length and 85-90 mm in width. At cleansing with the liquid there may occur the sense of skin burning which quickly subsides and does not make any effect on physical state and working capability.

Слайд 14

In case IAPs are lacking, drops (smears) of poisonous substances may

be removed with tampons made of paper, rags or a handkerchief.
Sections of the body and clothes may be sufficiently cleansed with water and soap providing that the poisonous drops have contacted the body and clothing not longer than 10-15 minutes.
If the time of the contact has been longer it is all the same necessary to perform the cleansing because it will reduce the degree of the damage and exclude the possibility of mechanical transfer of the poisonous drop and smears of chemicals into other sections of the body and clothes.

Слайд 15

It is possible to decontaminate droplet-liquid poisonous substances with domestic chemicals.
To

cleanse the skin of an adult person it is necessary to prepare beforehand one liter of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 30 g of caustic soda (or 150 g of silicate glue) which are to be directly mixed.
Cleansing with the help of IAPs or improvised means does not exclude the necessity for further carrying out of complete sanitary treatment of people and decontamination of clothes, shoes and means of individual protection.

Слайд 16

Individual bandaging package (IBP)
4 types of bandaging packages are manufactured industrially

in Russia: individual, ordinary, for the first aid with one pad, for the first aid with two pads.

Слайд 17

Individual bandaging package (IBP)
Individual bandaging package (IBP) is used for application

of primary bandages onto the wounds.
IBP consists of a roller bandage (of 10 cm in width and of 7 m in length) and two cotton-gauze pads. One of the pads is immovably sutured near the end of the bandage, the other pad may be moved alongside the bandage.
The pads and the bandage are usually wrapped in a waxed paper and placed inside the hermetical case made of a rubberized fabric, cellophane or a parchment paper. There is a pin in the package. Rules of the package use are indicated on the case.

Слайд 18

The ability to use individual means of the medical aid in

case of emergency situations may help to save the life and health of a damaged person.

Слайд 19

3. Methods of the first aid rendering to the damaged people

in case of emergency situations

Слайд 20

. Terminal states
This term denotes marginal conditions between life and death

, last stages of the organism‘s death.
Terminal states may be conditioned by various causes :
massive blood loss , shock, obstruction of the respiratory tracts (asphyxia), electric trauma, myocardial infarction, drowning , covering with soil, etc.

Слайд 21

Terminal states
Pre-agonal state,
witch is characterized by the victim’s consciousness preservation, but

it is confused; the pulse rate is rapid and weak (thread-like); respiration is rapid and forced, the skin is pale, motor excitement is noted.

Слайд 22

Agony, which is characterized by the lack of consciousness, pulse, pupils’

light reaction; irregular, superficial respiration, manifesting itself as air gulping, or as rare, short, convulsive respiratory movements (2-6 per minute). Agony finishes with the last inspiration or the last heart contraction and turns into the clinical death.

Слайд 23

Clinical death. Its durations is 3-5 minutes. This condition is characterized

by the lack of consciousness, respiration, blood circulation. The pupils are maximally enlarged and do not respond to the light, paleness is sharply pronounced, and sometimes cyanotic skin and mucosa are observed. The state of clinical death, however, is reversible if during the first 3-5 minutes certain measures are taken to return the victim to life (resuscitation).

Terminal states

Слайд 24

Biological death. Is occurs if the victim has not been given

the resuscitation aid, and it is characterized by irreversible changes in the central nervous system and in other vital organs of the victim. This state is irreversible.

Terminal states

Слайд 25

Evaluation of the victim’s condition severity and determination of indications to

cardiac- pulmonary resuscitation performance:
Evaluation of the victim’s condition, checking on the presence of his consciousness , respiration and cardiac activity must be carried out quickly, within the first 10-15 seconds.

Слайд 26

Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation

Слайд 27

Checking on the victim’s condition
Evaluation of the victim’ consciousness. For this

purpose try to talk to him or slightly shake his shoulder. In case there is no reaction massage his ear lobules. The lack of reaction means that the individual is unconscious and the situation is life-threatening, because his tongue may retract and block the upper respiratory tracts.
(If you are left alone with the victim first perform resuscitation measures for 2 minutes as described below and then call the ambulance having dialed “03”).
Establishing the presence of independent respiration. Look at the victim’s chest: it must move up and down. Simultaneously put your hands on the victim’s chest to feel its movements. Bend your ear close to the victim’s mouth and nose and try to hear his breathing. If there is no respiration provide the respiratory tract patency.

Слайд 28

Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation within the fist aid rendering measures
Cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

is a system of measures aimed to restore the vital activity of the organism and to bring it out of state of clinical death.
CPR includes artificial lung ventilation ( artificial respiration) and external (indirect) massage of the heart.

Слайд 29

Artificial lung ventilation ( artificial respiration)
Artificial respiration is applied in cases

of respiratory arrest, if there is a heartbeat (pulsation on the carotid artery). For this purpose simple methods of artificial respiration –“mouth-to-mouth” or “mouth-to-nose” may be used.

Слайд 30

External (indirect) massage of the heart
The victim must lie on a

rigid surface. His legs should be lifted.
When performing the external massage of the heart the breastbone must be bent at 4 cm.
The rendering aid person locks his fingers and suppresses the point of massage with the base of the palm.
It is important to perform pressings strictly perpendicular to the breastbone not to damage the ribs.

Слайд 31

Слайд 32

Primary cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation
If there is only one resuscitator 30 suppressions onto

the breastbone and 2 air blowings in to the lungs are performed.
If there are two aid rendering persons resuscitation is more effective and less exhausting for them. The first resuscitator makes 5 suppressions onto the breastbone, the second resuscitator performs 1 air blowing in .
It is necessary to make not less than 60 suppressions per minute. Approximately every 2 minutes of resuscitation the second resuscitator checks if there is pulsation on the carotid artery.

Слайд 33

Remember! You must always control the patency of the upper respiratory

tract.
If after the undertaken first two blowings in there is no independent respiration -check on the pulse on the victim's carotid artery.

Слайд 34

Mind! In case there are two resuscitators the ratio of compressions

to ventilation is 5:1, in case there is only one resuscitator – the ratio is 30:2.
Even is the case there are no life sings in the victim (heartbeat, pulse, respiration, pupils' light reaction), resuscitation aid must be continued to be rendered up to the arrival of medical workers or up to the delivery of the victim to the nearest medical institution.

Слайд 35

Слайд 36

Evaluation of cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation effectiveness
Pupils' narrowing and appearance of their light

reaction. It indicates that oxygenated blood enters the patient's brain.
Appearance of the pulse on the carotid arteries. It is checked in the interval between the chest compressions. At the moment of compression a pulse wave is felt on the carotid artery, which means that the massage is being carried out correctly.
Restoration of independent breathing.

Peculiarities of organization of medicaal aid rendering to the damaged population in case of emergency situations. Lecture №4

Содержание

УЧЕБНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ : 1.Notion on the first aid rendering to the damaged

The principal aim of the first aid is saving of the

1. The first aidThe optimal time for the first aid rendering

The first aid Thе first aid measures are as follows: temporary

Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2011 N

2. Means used at the first aid rendering in case of

For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are used

For the first aid rendering table and improvised means are usedIn

Тable means Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2). It is a plastic box with

Individual first-aid-kit (IK-2)IK-2 contains a set of medical means located in

Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs) are meant for decontamination of droplet-liquid poisonous

Individual anti-chemical packages (IAPs)IAP-11 is a hermetically sealed membrane of a