Rework topic - 5 - schistosomes

Август 20, 2022

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Rework topic - 5 - schistosomes

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2. Schistosomes Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms
3. Scientific classification
4. Geographical distribution Africa, Brazil, Cambodia, the Caribbean, China, Corsica, Indonesia, Laos, the Middle East, the Philippines,
6. TAXONOMY Mansoni group Haematobium group Mansoni group Japonicum group
7. MANSONI GROUP Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of
8. Egg The eggs are oval-shaped, measuring 115-175 µm long and 45-47 µm wide, and ~150 µm
10. DIAGNOSIS The presence of S. mansoni is detected by microscopic examination of parasite eggs in stool.
11. HAEMATOBIUM GROUP HVS Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to
12. EGG
14. DIAGNOSIS Traditionally, diagnoses has been made by examination of the urine for eggs. In chronic infections,
15. JAPONICUM GROUP cies of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one primate (Human), two insectivores
16. EGG
18. DIAGNOSIS Microscopic identification of eggs in stool or urine is the most practical method for diagnosis.
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Schistosomes
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.

They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization as the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), with hundreds of millions infected worldwide

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Scientific classification

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Geographical distribution
Africa, Brazil, Cambodia, the Caribbean, China, Corsica, Indonesia, Laos,

the Middle East, the Philippines, Suriname, and Venezuela.[22] There had been no cases in Europe since 1965, until an outbreak occurred on Corsica

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

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TAXONOMY
Mansoni group
Haematobium group
Mansoni group
Japonicum group

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MANSONI GROUP
Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs

to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma). The adult lives in the blood vessels (mesenteric veins) near the human intestine. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis (similar to S. japonicum, S. mekongi, S. guineensis, and S. intercalatum). Clinical symptoms are caused by the eggs. As the leading cause of schistosomiasis in the world, it is the most prevalent parasite in humans.

Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma). The adult lives in the blood vessels (mesenteric veins) near the human intestine. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis (similar to S. japonicum, S. mekongi, S. guineensis, and S. intercalatum). Clinical symptoms are caused by the eggs. As the leading cause of schistosomiasis in the world, it is the most prevalent parasite in humans.

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Egg
The eggs are oval-shaped, measuring 115-175 µm long and 45-47 µm wide, and

~150 µm diameter on average. They have pointed spines towards the broader base on one side, i.e. lateral spines

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DIAGNOSIS
The presence of S. mansoni is detected by microscopic examination

of parasite eggs in stool. A staining method called Kato-Katz technique is used for stool examination. It involves methylene blue-stained cellophane soaked in glycerine or glass slides.] A bit costlier technique called formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) is often used in combination with the direct faecal smear for higher accuracy. Serological and immunological tests are also available.

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HAEMATOBIUM GROUP
HVS
Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic

trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (Schistosoma). It is found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans

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EGG

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DIAGNOSIS
Traditionally, diagnoses has been made by examination of the urine for

eggs. In chronic infections, or if eggs are difficult to find, an intradermal injection of schistosome antigen to form a wheal is effective in determining infection. Alternatively diagnosis can be made by complement fixation tests.[28] As of 2012, commercial blood tests included ELISA and an Indirect immunofluorescence test, but these have low sensitivity ranging from 21% to 71%

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JAPONICUM GROUP
cies of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one

primate (Human), two insectivores and three artiodactyls and therefore it can be considered a true zoonosis.

Schistosoma japonicum is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis.This parasite has a very wide host range, infecting at least 31 species of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one primate (Human), two insectivores and three artiodactyls and therefore it can be considered a true zoonosis.

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EGG

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DIAGNOSIS
Microscopic identification of eggs in stool or urine is the most

practical method for diagnosis. Stool examination should be performed when infection with S. mansoni or S. japonicum is suspected, and urine examination should be performed if S. haematobium is suspected. Eggs can be present in the stool in infections with all Schistosoma species.

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