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- 2. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass,
- 4. Calcium absorption 1 – Cholesterol is precursor of Calcitriol; 2 – In skin 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted
- 5. Calcium absorption 3 – in liver, 25-hydroxylase converts cholecalciferol into calcidiol; 4 – in kidney the
- 6. Calcium absorption Calcium is absorbed across the intestinal epithelial cell's brush border membrane and is immediately
- 7. Ca2+ Skeletal muscle contraction Neuronal transmission Structural: bones and teeth composition (99% of whole calcium composition)
- 9. Annexin, calmodulin, troponin
- 10. Function of calcium ions as secondary messenger: Са2+ directly binds with effector molecules (Protein kinases) Са2+
- 11. Ca2+ Catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Protein kinases (PKs) are the effectors
- 12. Protein kinase C: Regulatory domain & catalytic domain tethered together by a hinge region: *C1 domain,
- 16. Calmodulin: calcium binding protein (14kDa)
- 17. Calmodulin: calcium binding protein (14kDa)
- 19. Annexin A1 belongs to the annexin family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that are preferentially located on
- 20. Neuronal transmission In the resting state, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles at the pre-synaptic terminal. Most
- 21. Neuronal transmission Calcium (Ca2+) is a vital element in the process of neurotransmitter release; when Ca2+
- 29. Functioning of heart The importance of calcium-dependent signaling in the heart has been appreciated for decades.
- 30. Functioning of heart Cardiac muscle fibers contract via excitation-contraction coupling, using a mechanism unique to cardiac
- 31. Functioning of heart During stimulation of the muscle cell, the motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,
- 32. Functioning of heart Excitation-contraction coupling describes the process of converting an electrical stimulus (action potential) into
- 33. Functioning of heart The pathway of contraction can be described in five steps: An action potential,
- 34. Functioning of heart
- 35. Functioning of heart
- 40. Impact on cytoskeleton Formation is regulated by actin-binding G-proteins Cytoskeleton (actin) *Profilin, a protein that separates
- 41. Regulation of Ca2+ ions in blood The main regulators of the exchange of Ca2 + in
- 42. Regulation of Ca2+ ions in blood Pre-parathyroid hormone (115 amino acids ) ER Signal peptide (25a.a)
- 43. Regulation of Ca2+ ions in blood Biological action of parathyroid hormone. 1 – stimulates the mobilization
- 44. Regulation of Ca2+ ions in blood Calcitonin is a polypeptide consisting of 32 amino acid residues
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