Tendency and specialties of separate kinds of morbidity in different regions of world, countries

Август 4, 2022

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Tendency and specialties of separate kinds of morbidity in different regions of world, countries

Содержание

2. MORBIDITY Morbidity has been defined as “any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological
3. NCD mortality and morbidity Of 56 million global deaths in 2012, 38 million, or 68%, were
4. Major causes of death In 2011, an estimated 55 million people died worldwide. No communicable diseases
5. Cancer: national cancer control program WHO has consolidated tools for countries in a framework known as
6. Diabetes: Quick facts and figures 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In
7. Obesity Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Its prevalence
8. No communicable diseases: country income About 30% of people dying from NCDs in low- and middle-income
9. No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factors Common, preventable risk factors underlie most
10. No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factors The prevalence of these risk factors
11. No communicable diseases: parameters for estimation of behavioral and metabolic risk factors current daily tobacco smoking:
12. UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseases UN General Assembly adopt of the political
13. UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseases Global leaders committed to greater efforts to
14. Summary Morbidity and mortality shifting from infectious to chronic diseases across the world. Chronic diseases will
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Слайд 2

MORBIDITY
Morbidity has been defined as “any departure, subjective or objective, from

a state of physiological well being”.
The WHO Expert committee on Health Statistics noted in its 6th report that morbidity could be measured in terms of 3 units
a. person who ill;
b. the illness that these persons experienced
c. the duration of these illness.

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NCD mortality and morbidity
Of 56 million global deaths in 2012, 38

million, or 68%, were due to no communicable diseases (NCDs). The four main NCDs are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic lung diseases. The burden of these diseases is rising disproportionately among lower income countries and populations. In 2012, nearly three quarters of no communicable disease deaths -- 28 million -- occurred in low- and middle-income countries with about 48% of deaths occurring before the age of 70 in these countries.
The leading causes of NCD deaths in 2012 were cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million deaths, or 46% of all NCD deaths), cancers (8.2 million, or 22% of all NCD deaths), and respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.0 million). Diabetes caused another 1.5 million deaths.

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Major causes of death
In 2011, an estimated 55 million people died

worldwide.
No communicable diseases were responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally in 2011, up from 60% in 2000.
cardiovascular diseases
Cancers
Diabetes
chronic lung diseases
Cardiovascular diseases killed nearly 17 million people in 2011, that is 3 in every 10 deaths
7 million people died of ischemic heart disease
6.2 million from stroke.
In terms of number of deaths, 26 million (nearly 80%) of the 36 million of global NCD deaths in 2011 occurred in low- and middle-income countries. In terms of proportion of deaths that are due to NCDs, high-income countries have the highest proportion – 87% of all deaths were caused by NCDs – followed by upper-middle income countries (81%). The proportions are lower in low-income countries (36%) and lower-middle income countries (56%).

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Cancer: national cancer control program
WHO has consolidated tools for countries in

a framework known as the national cancer control program, which focuses government attention and services on all facets of the fight.
A national cancer control program is a public health program designed to reduce cancer incidence and mortality and improve cancer patients’ quality of life, through the systematic and equitable implementation of evidence-based strategies for prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment and palliation, making the best use of available resources.

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Diabetes: Quick facts and figures
80% of diabetes deaths occur in low-

and middle-income countries.
In developed countries most people with diabetes are above the age of retirement, whereas in developing countries those most frequently affected are aged between 35 and 64.

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Obesity
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the

21st century. Its prevalence has tripled in many countries of the WHO European Region since the 1980s, and the numbers of those affected continue to rise at an alarming rate, particularly among children.
In addition to causing various physical disabilities and psychological problems, excess weight drastically increases a person’s risk of developing a number of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes.
The risk of developing more than one of these diseases (co-morbidity) also increases with increasing body weight.

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No communicable diseases: country income
About 30% of people dying from NCDs

in low- and middle-income countries are aged under 60 years and are in their most productive period of life.
The prevalence of NCDs is rising rapidly and is projected to cause almost three-quarters as many deaths as communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases by 2020, and to exceed them as the most common causes of death by 2030.
In most middle- and high-income countries NCDs were responsible for more deaths than all other causes of death combined, with almost all high-income countries reporting the proportion of NCD deaths to total deaths to be more than 70%.

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No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factors
Common, preventable

risk factors underlie most NCDs. These risk factors are a leading cause of the death and disability burden in nearly all countries, regardless of economic development.
The leading risk factor globally for mortality is:
raised blood pressure (responsible for 13% of deaths globally),
followed by tobacco use (9%),
raised blood glucose (6%),
physical inactivity (6%),
overweight and obesity (5%).

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No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factors
The prevalence

of these risk factors varied between country income groups, with the pattern of variation differing between risk factors and with gender. High-, middle- and low-income countries had differing risk profiles.
Several risk factors have the highest prevalence in high-income countries. These include:
physical inactivity among women,
total fat consumption,
raised total cholesterol.
Some risk factors have become more common in middle-income countries. These include:
tobacco use among men,
overweight and obesity.

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No communicable diseases: parameters for estimation of behavioral and metabolic risk factors
current

daily tobacco smoking: the percentage of the population aged 15 or older who smoke tobacco on a daily basis.
physical inactivity: the percentage of the population aged 15 or older engaging in less than 30 minutes of moderate activity per week or less than 20 minutes of vigorous activity three times per week, or the equivalent.
raised blood pressure: the percentage of the population aged 25 or older having systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or on medication to lower blood pressure.

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UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseases
UN General Assembly

adopt of the political declaration on the prevention and control of no communicable diseases. For the first time, global leaders have reached consensus in the General Assembly on concrete actions to tackle these diseases.
Governments agreed on the need for global targets to monitor these diseases and their risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol.

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UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseases
Global leaders committed

to greater efforts to prevent and treat no communicable diseases and improve health care including better access to vital medicines.
Success will depend on the engagement of non-health sectors such as finance, agriculture, transportation, urban development, and trade.
Governments will integrate policies to reduce no communicable diseases into health planning processes and national development agendas.
The declaration is a clear signal that global leaders acknowledge the devastating impact of no communicable diseases worldwide and that they are committed to reducing it.

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Summary
Morbidity and mortality shifting from infectious to chronic diseases across the

world.
Chronic diseases will be most common cause of death within 25 years in all countries of the world
Heart Disease
Stroke
Cancer
Chronic Respiratory Disease
Diabetes

Tendency and specialties of separate kinds of morbidity in different regions of world, countries

Содержание

MORBIDITYMorbidity has been defined as “any departure, subjective or objective, from

NCD mortality and morbidityOf 56 million global deaths in 2012, 38

Major causes of deathIn 2011, an estimated 55 million people died

Cancer: national cancer control programWHO has consolidated tools for countries in

Diabetes: Quick facts and figures80% of diabetes deaths occur in low-

ObesityObesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the

No communicable diseases: country incomeAbout 30% of people dying from NCDs

No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factorsCommon, preventable

No communicable diseases: Current status and trends in risk factorsThe prevalence

No communicable diseases: parameters for estimation of behavioral and metabolic risk factorscurrent

UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseasesUN General Assembly

UN General Assembly’s commitment to fight no communicable diseasesGlobal leaders committed

SummaryMorbidity and mortality shifting from infectious to chronic diseases across the

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