Thinking About Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e

Сентябрь 5, 2022

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Thinking About Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e

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2. Social Context Domain
3. Social Psychology
4. Social Thinking and Social Influence Module 18
5. Module Overview Social Thinking Social Influence Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go
6. Social Psychology The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
7. Social Thinking Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
8. Social Thinking: Attributing Behavior to Personal Disposition or the Situation Module 18: Social Thinking and Social
9. Attribution Theory The theory that we tend to explain the behavior of others as an aspect
10. Situational Disposition Attributing someone’s actions to the various factors in the situation
11. Dispositional Attribution Attributing someone’s actions to the person’s disposition, i.e. their thoughts, feelings, personality characteristics, etc.
12. Situational Attribution
13. Situational Attribution
14. Situational Attribution
15. Dispositional Attribution
16. Dispositional Attribution
17. Dispositional Attribution
18. Attribution
19. Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal disposition rather than
20. Self-Serving Bias A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.
21. Social Influence Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
22. Social Thinking: Attitudes and Actions Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
23. Attitude The belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a particular way to objects,
24. Attitudes Affecting Actions Many studies suggest a person’s attitudes do not match their actions Attitudes can
25. Attitudes Affecting Actions
26. Actions Affecting Attitudes Under some circumstances one’s actions can influence attitudes. They include: Foot-in-the-door phenomenon Role
27. Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply
28. Role A set of expectations in a social setting that define how one ought to behave.
29. Role Playing Playing a role can influence or change one’s attitude Zimbardo’s Prison Study College students
30. Zimbardo’s Prison Study College students played the role of guard or prisoner in a simulated prison.
31. Cognitive Dissonance Theory The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when
32. Cognitive Dissonance Theory
33. Cognitive Dissonance Theory
34. Cognitive Dissonance Theory
35. Cognitive Dissonance Theory
36. Social Influence Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
37. Social Influence: Conformity and Obedience Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
38. Conformity Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
39. Solomon Asch (1907-1996) Social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people conform.
40. Asch’s Conformity Study
41. Factors Increasing Conformity The person feels incompetent or insecure. The group has three or more people.
42. Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) Social psychologist who researched obedience to authority.
43. Obedience The tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone perceived as an authority.
44. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority
45. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority (Data from Milgram, 1974)
46. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority
47. Social Influence: Group Influence Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
48. Social Facilitation Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others. Occurs with simple or well
49. Social Facilitation
50. Social Loafing The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their
51. Deindividuation The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
52. Social Influence: Group Influence – Our Behavior in the Presence of Others Module 18: Social Thinking
53. Social Influence: Group Influence – Group Interaction Effects Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
54. Group Polarization Enhancement of a group’s already existing attitudes through discussion within the group.
55. Groupthink The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision- making
56. Social Influence: Our Power as Individuals Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence
57. Self-Fulfilling Prophecies When we believe something to be true about others (or ourselves) and we act
58. Minority Influence Minority groups can influence the majority Minority groups must be firm in their conviction
59. The End
60. Teacher Information Types of Files This presentation has been saved as a “basic” Powerpoint file. While
61. Teacher Information Domain Coding Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards, these
62. Teacher Information Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (usually slide #4
63. Name of Concept Use this slide to add a concept to the presentation
65. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Social Context Domain

Слайд 3

Social Psychology

Слайд 4

Social Thinking and Social Influence
Module 18

Слайд 5

Module Overview
Social Thinking
Social Influence
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks

to go to that section in the presentation.

Слайд 6

Social Psychology
The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and

relate to one another.

Слайд 7

Social Thinking
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 8

Social Thinking: Attributing Behavior to Personal Disposition or the Situation
Module 18:

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 9

Attribution Theory
The theory that we tend to explain the behavior of

others as an aspect of either an internal disposition (an inner trait) or the situation.

Слайд 10

Situational Disposition
Attributing someone’s actions to the various factors in the situation

Слайд 11

Dispositional Attribution
Attributing someone’s actions to the person’s disposition, i.e. their thoughts,

feelings, personality characteristics, etc.

Слайд 12

Situational Attribution

Слайд 13

Situational Attribution

Слайд 14

Situational Attribution

Слайд 15

Dispositional Attribution

Слайд 16

Dispositional Attribution

Слайд 17

Dispositional Attribution

Слайд 18

Attribution

Слайд 19

Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to

internal disposition rather than to situations.
People tend to blame or credit the person more than the situation

Слайд 20

Self-Serving Bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Слайд 21

Social Influence
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 22

Social Thinking: Attitudes and Actions
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 23

Attitude
The belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a

particular way to objects, people, and events.

Слайд 24

Attitudes Affecting Actions
Many studies suggest a person’s attitudes do not match

their actions
Attitudes can predict behavior if:
Outside influences are minimal
People are aware of their attitudes
Attitude is relevant to behavior

Слайд 25

Attitudes Affecting Actions

Слайд 26

Actions Affecting Attitudes
Under some circumstances one’s actions can influence attitudes.

They include:
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Role playing
Cognitive dissonance

Слайд 27

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a

small request to comply later with a larger request.

Слайд 28

Role
A set of expectations in a social setting that define how

one ought to behave.

Слайд 29

Role Playing
Playing a role can influence or change one’s attitude
Zimbardo’s Prison

Study
College students played the role of guard or prisoner in a simulated prison.
The study was ended when the guards became too aggressive and cruel.

Слайд 30

Zimbardo’s Prison Study
College students played the role of guard or prisoner

in a simulated prison.
The study was ended when the guards became too aggressive and cruel.

Слайд 31

Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort

(dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.
When our attitudes are inconsistent with our actions, we change our attitudes to reduce the dissonance.

Слайд 32

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Слайд 33

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Слайд 34

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Слайд 35

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Слайд 36

Social Influence
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 37

Social Influence: Conformity and Obedience
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 38

Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Слайд 39

Solomon Asch (1907-1996)
Social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people

conform.

Слайд 40

Asch’s Conformity Study

Слайд 41

Factors Increasing Conformity
The person feels incompetent or insecure.
The group has three

or more people.
The rest of the group is unanimous.
The person is impressed by the status of the group.
No prior commitments were made.
The group is observing the person respond.
One’s culture encourages conformity.

Слайд 42

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)
Social psychologist who researched obedience to authority.

Слайд 43

Obedience
The tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone

perceived as an authority.

Слайд 44

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

Слайд 45

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority (Data from Milgram, 1974)

Слайд 46

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

Слайд 47

Social Influence: Group Influence
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 48

Social Facilitation
Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others.
Occurs with

simple or well learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet learned

Слайд 49

Social Facilitation

Слайд 50

Social Loafing
The tendency for people in a group to exert less

effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
People may be less accountable in a group, or they may think their efforts aren’t needed.

Слайд 51

Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that

foster arousal and anonymity.
People lose their sense of responsibility when in a group.

Слайд 52

Social Influence: Group Influence – Our Behavior in the Presence of

Others

Module 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Слайд 53

Social Influence: Group Influence – Group Interaction Effects
Module 18: Social Thinking

and Social Influence

Слайд 54

Group Polarization
Enhancement of a group’s already existing attitudes through discussion within

the group.

Слайд 55

Groupthink
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony

in a decision- making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives.

Слайд 56

Social Influence: Our Power as Individuals
Module 18: Social Thinking and Social

Influence

Слайд 57

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
When we believe something to be true about others (or

ourselves) and we act in ways that cause this belief to come true.

Слайд 58

Minority Influence
Minority groups can influence the majority
Minority groups must be firm

in their conviction

Rosa Parks

Слайд 59

The End

Слайд 60

Teacher Information
Types of Files
This presentation has been saved as a “basic”

Powerpoint file. While this file format placed a few limitations on the presentation, it insured the file would be compatible with the many versions of Powerpoint teachers use. To add functionality to the presentation, teachers may want to save the file for their specific version of Powerpoint.
Animation
Once again, to insure compatibility with all versions of Powerpoint, none of the slides are animated. To increase student interest, it is suggested teachers animate the slides wherever possible.
Adding slides to this presentation
Teachers are encouraged to adapt this presentation to their personal teaching style. To help keep a sense of continuity, blank slides which can be copied and pasted to a specific location in the presentation follow this “Teacher Information” section.

Слайд 61

Teacher Information
Domain Coding
Just as the textbook is organized around the APA

National Standards, these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the top of almost every slide is a small stripe, color coded to the APA National Standards.
Scientific Inquiry Domain
Biopsychology Domain
Development and Learning Domain
Social Context Domain
Cognition Domain
Individual Variation Domain
Applications of Psychological Science Domain
Key Terms and Definitions in Red
To emphasize their importance, all key terms from the text and their definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on the Powerpoint slides are identical to those in the textbook.

Слайд 62

Teacher Information
Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a

page (usually slide #4 or #5) can be found listing all of the module’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection.
Continuity slides - Throughout this presentations there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes.
By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts.
By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.
To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about “what might come next” in the series of slides.
Please feel free to contact me at korek@germantown.k12.wi.us with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022

Слайд 63

Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a concept to the

presentation

Thinking About Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e

Содержание

Social Context Domain

Social Psychology

Social Thinking and Social InfluenceModule 18

Module OverviewSocial ThinkingSocial InfluenceClick on the any of the above hyperlinks

Social PsychologyThe scientific study of how people think about, influence, and

Social ThinkingModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Social Thinking: Attributing Behavior to Personal Disposition or the SituationModule 18:

Attribution TheoryThe theory that we tend to explain the behavior of

Situational DispositionAttributing someone’s actions to the various factors in the situation

Dispositional AttributionAttributing someone’s actions to the person’s disposition, i.e. their thoughts,

Situational Attribution

Situational Attribution

Situational Attribution

Dispositional Attribution

Dispositional Attribution

Dispositional Attribution

Attribution

Fundamental Attribution ErrorThe tendency to attribute the behavior of others to

Self-Serving BiasA readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Social InfluenceModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Social Thinking: Attitudes and ActionsModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

AttitudeThe belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a

Attitudes Affecting ActionsMany studies suggest a person’s attitudes do not match

Attitudes Affecting Actions

Actions Affecting Attitudes Under some circumstances one’s actions can influence attitudes.

Foot-in-the-Door PhenomenonThe tendency for people who have first agreed to a

RoleA set of expectations in a social setting that define how

Role PlayingPlaying a role can influence or change one’s attitudeZimbardo’s Prison

Zimbardo’s Prison StudyCollege students played the role of guard or prisoner

Cognitive Dissonance TheoryThe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Social InfluenceModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Social Influence: Conformity and ObedienceModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

ConformityAdjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Solomon Asch (1907-1996)Social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people

Asch’s Conformity Study

Factors Increasing ConformityThe person feels incompetent or insecure.The group has three

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)Social psychologist who researched obedience to authority.

ObedienceThe tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority (Data from Milgram, 1974)

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

Social Influence: Group InfluenceModule 18: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Social FacilitationImproved performance of tasks in the presence of others.Occurs with

Social Facilitation

Social LoafingThe tendency for people in a group to exert less

DeindividuationThe loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that

Social Influence: Group Influence – Our Behavior in the Presence of

Social Influence: Group Influence – Group Interaction EffectsModule 18: Social Thinking

Group PolarizationEnhancement of a group’s already existing attitudes through discussion within

GroupthinkThe mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony

Social Influence: Our Power as IndividualsModule 18: Social Thinking and Social

Self-Fulfilling PropheciesWhen we believe something to be true about others (or

Minority InfluenceMinority groups can influence the majorityMinority groups must be firm

The End

Teacher InformationTypes of FilesThis presentation has been saved as a “basic”

Teacher InformationDomain CodingJust as the textbook is organized around the APA

Teacher InformationHyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a

Name of ConceptUse this slide to add a concept to the

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Module 18:

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The theory that we tend to explain the behavior of

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Attributing someone’s actions to the various factors in the situation

Dispositional Attribution
Attributing someone’s actions to the person’s disposition, i.e. their thoughts,

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The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to

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The person feels incompetent or insecure.
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Social psychologist who researched obedience to authority.

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Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others.
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Minority Influence
Minority groups can influence the majority
Minority groups must be firm

Teacher Information
Types of Files
This presentation has been saved as a “basic”

Teacher Information
Domain Coding
Just as the textbook is organized around the APA

Teacher Information
Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a

Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a concept to the