Global Manager

Август 22, 2022

Содержание

2. What is management? Some definitions Coordination and control of people, material, and processes to achieve organizational
3. IS MANAGEMENT UNIVERSAL? Are these definitions of management universal or do they vary across different geographic
4. What Is Leadership?
5. Leadership has been defined as the ability to persuade others to seek set objectives enthusiastically (Robbins,
6. Project GLOBE GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) attempt to develop an empirically based theory
7. The GLOBE project conceived in 1991 by Robert J. House of the Wharton School of the
8. Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project Power distance How much unequal distribution of power
9. Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project Institutional collectivism How much should leaders encourage and
10. Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project Gender egalitarianism How much effort should be put
11. Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project Performance orientation How much should individuals be rewarded
12. How do different countries score on the GLOBE cultural dimensions? A quick overview shows a great
13. Countries Ranking Highest and Lowest on the GLOBE Cultural Dimensions
14. GLOBE The project included the development of a research protocol including a questionnaire to measure culturally
15. Based on a 7-point scale and the "world mean" of each scale (i.e., the average of
16. These 21 leadership scales were statistically and conceptually reduced to six scales, resulting in six leader
17. Charismatic leaders are visionary, inspirational, decisive, and performance oriented, and they have high levels of personal
18. Team-oriented leaders are team builders, and they are collaborative and diplomatic. Instills pride, loyalty, and collaboration
19. Humane leaders are generous, compassionate, modest, and patient. Stresses compassion and generosity; and it is patient,
20. Participative leaders act in a nonautocratic and nondictatorial manner, they delegate, and they behave in an
21. Self-protective leadership – involves being self-centered, face saving, and procedural. Style emphasizes procedural, status-conscious, and 'face-saving'
22. Autonomous leaders are individualistic and independent. Style is characterized by an independent, individualistic, and self-centric approach
23. Country Clusters According to GLOBE
24. Next table groups the country clusters from Figure according to the degree to which they prefer
25. 10-
28. Building Global Management Skills Global Management Skills Integration of management and cross-cultural skills
29. Types of Global Managers
30. Key multicultural competencies A cosmopolitan outlook Intercultural communication skills Cultural sensitivity Rapid acculturation skills Flexible management
31. Preparing for a Foreign Assignment Expatriate refers to anyone living and/or working outside their home country
32. The Foreign Assignment Cycle
33. Culture Shock anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of new expectations and information This is
34. Symptoms of culture shock People differ greatly in the degree to which culture shock affects them,
35. Stages of culture shock The five stages of culture shock are: 1. The Honeymoon Stage -
36. Stages of culture shock 2. Irritability - You start to feel that what is different is
37. Stages of culture shock 3. Gradual Adjustment - You feel more relaxed and develop a more
38. Stages of culture shock Re-entry Shock - You go home and it isn't what you expected
39. Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) Milton Bennett (1986, 1993). Denial Defence Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
40. The progression from cultural ignorance to understanding has four distinct stages: 1. Cultural ignorance exists when
41. Ethnocentrism
42. Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.
43. Research Insight and Dealing with Ethnocentrism Research suggests ethnocentrism is bad for business. A survey of
44. The Role of the Expatriate Spouse We began to realize that the entire effectiveness of the
45. Preparation Adaptation, and Repatriation Effective HRM ends with the successful repatriation of the executive into company
46. Preparation Adaptation, and Repatriation A mentor program to monitor the expatriate’s career path while abroad and
47. Successful International Assignments Be sure that repatriation is an explicit part of your international assignment plan.
48. Successful International Assignments 2. Identify, establish, and maintain communications with sources of ongoing support in your
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What is management? Some definitions
Coordination and control of people, material, and

processes to achieve organizational objectives as efficiently and effectively as possible.
Getting things done through coordinated efforts.
Planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

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IS MANAGEMENT UNIVERSAL?
Are these definitions of management universal or do they

vary across different geographic regions?
If these definitions are universal, how might their implementation vary across national and regional boundaries?

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What Is Leadership?

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Leadership has been defined as the ability to persuade others to

seek set objectives enthusiastically (Robbins, 1998).
…..“is the ability to influence, motivate and contribute towards the effectiveness of the organizations of which they are members” (House and Wright, 1997).

Слайд 6

Project GLOBE
GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness)
attempt to develop an

empirically based theory to describe, understand, and predict the impact of specific cultural variables on leadership and organizational processes and the effectiveness of these processes

Слайд 7

The GLOBE project conceived in 1991 by Robert J. House of

the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The GLOBE Project directly involved 170 “country co-investigators” based in 62 of the world’s cultures as well as a 14-member group of coordinators and research associates. This international team collected data from 17,300 middle managers in 951 organizations.

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Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project
Power distance
How much

unequal distribution of power should there be in organizations and society?
Uncertainty-avoidance
How much should people rely on social norms and rules to avoid uncertainty and limit unpredictability?

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Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project
Institutional collectivism
How much

should leaders encourage and reward loyalty to the social unit, as opposed to the pursuit of individual goals?
In-group collectivism
How much pride and loyalty should individuals have for their family or organization?

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Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project
Gender egalitarianism
How much

effort should be put into minimizing gender discrimination and role inequalities?
Assertiveness
How confrontational and dominant should individuals be in social relationships?
Future orientation
How much should people delay gratification by planning and saving for the future?

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Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE Project
Performance orientation
How much

should individuals be rewarded for improvement and excellence?
Humane orientation
How much should society encourage and reward people for being kind, fair, friendly, and generous?

Слайд 12

How do different countries score on the GLOBE cultural dimensions?
A

quick overview shows a great deal of cultural diversity around the world.

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Countries Ranking Highest and Lowest on the GLOBE Cultural Dimensions

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GLOBE
The project included the development of a research protocol including a

questionnaire to measure culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory, as well as interviews and focus groups designed to elicit information about the perceived attributes of ideal leaders.

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Based on a 7-point scale and the "world mean" of each

scale (i.e., the average of 61 country means), the 21 leadership scales ranked from the "most universally desirable" to "the least universally desirable" as follows:

10-

Слайд 16

These 21 leadership scales were statistically and conceptually reduced to six

scales, resulting in six leader styles:
charismatic
team oriented,
humane,
participative,
autonomous,
self-protective.

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Charismatic leaders are visionary, inspirational, decisive, and performance oriented, and they

have high levels of personal integrity.
Stresses high standards, decisiveness, and innovation; seeks to inspire people around a vision; creates a passion among them to perform; and does so by firmly holding on to core values.

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Team-oriented leaders are team builders, and they are collaborative and diplomatic.
Instills

pride, loyalty, and collaboration among organizational members; and highly values team cohesiveness and a common purpose or goals

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Humane leaders are generous, compassionate, modest, and patient.
Stresses compassion and

generosity; and it is patient, supportive, and concerned with the well-being of others

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Participative leaders act in a nonautocratic and nondictatorial manner, they delegate,

and they behave in an egalitarian way.
Encourages input from others in decision-making and implementation; and emphasizes delegation and equality

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Self-protective leadership – involves being self-centered, face saving, and procedural.
Style

emphasizes procedural, status-conscious, and 'face-saving' behaviors; and focuses on the safety and security of the individual and the group

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Autonomous leaders are individualistic and independent.
Style is characterized by an

independent, individualistic, and self-centric approach to leadership

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Country Clusters According to GLOBE

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Next table groups the country clusters from Figure according to the

degree to which they prefer each of the six leader styles.
Societal clusters grouped together at the higher or lower end or in the middle differ significantly from the other groups of clusters, but not from each other.
There are no statistically significant differences for the team-oriented and autonomous styles across all clusters

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10-

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Слайд 28

Building Global Management Skills
Global Management Skills
Integration of management and cross-cultural skills

Слайд 29

Types of Global Managers

Слайд 30

Key multicultural competencies
A cosmopolitan outlook
Intercultural communication skills
Cultural sensitivity
Rapid acculturation skills
Flexible management

style

Слайд 31

Preparing for a Foreign Assignment
Expatriate
refers to anyone living and/or working

outside their home country

Слайд 32

The Foreign Assignment Cycle

Слайд 33

Culture Shock
anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of new expectations

and information
This is a normal reaction to a new environment where you are no longer in control as you have been at home.
Best defense is comprehensive cross-cultural training, including intensive language study

Слайд 34

Symptoms of culture shock
People differ greatly in the degree to which

culture shock affects them, but almost everyone is affected by it in one way or another. Symptoms vary, but can include:
boredom
feeling isolated or helpless
sleeping a lot or tiring easily
suffering from body pains and aches
longing to be back home
unduly criticizing local customs or ways of doing things

Слайд 35

Stages of culture shock
The five stages of culture shock are:
1. The

Honeymoon Stage - You are very positive, curious, and anticipate new exciting experiences. You even idealize the host culture.

Слайд 36

Stages of culture shock
2. Irritability - You start to feel that what

is different is actually inferior. The host culture is confusing or the systems are frustrating. It's a small step from saying that they do things in a different way to saying that they do things in a stupid way. You may blame your frustrations on the new culture (and its shortcomings) rather than on the adaptation process.

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Stages of culture shock
3. Gradual Adjustment - You feel more relaxed and

develop a more balanced, objective view of your experience.
4. Mental isolation
5. Adaptation - You feel a new sense of belonging and sensitivity to the host culture.

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Stages of culture shock
Re-entry Shock - You go home and it isn't

what you expected it to be.

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Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity
(DMIS) Milton Bennett (1986, 1993).
Denial
Defence
Minimization
Acceptance
Adaptation
Integration
Ethnocentric
Ethnorelative

Слайд 40

The progression from cultural ignorance to understanding has four distinct stages:
1.

Cultural ignorance exists when individuals have no knowledge of cultural differences. Businesspeople at this stage are liabilities to their companies and may do more harm than good on overseas assignments.
2. Cultural awareness takes place when people know there are cultural differences and are looking for them. Businesspeople at this stage are less likely to commit social or cultural blunders.
3. Cultural knowledge is an extension of cultural awareness. Businesspeople at this stage know how to offer appropriate greetings (i.e., the bow of Japan) and what behaviors to expect in foreign markets. They observe, catalog, and analyze foreign behaviors and look for the reasons behind them.
4. Cultural understanding occurs when businesspeople not only know what behaviors are appropriate, but also understand why those behaviors are correct for that culture. Individuals at this stage are often fluent in the local language and are aware of the behavioral and attitudinal subtleties of a culture.

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Ethnocentrism

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Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards

of one's own culture. Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups relative to their own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity. Ethnocentrism may be overt or subtle, and while it is considered a natural proclivity of human psychology, it has developed a generally negative connotation .
belief that one’s native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.

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Research Insight and Dealing with Ethnocentrism
Research suggests ethnocentrism is bad for

business.
A survey of 918 companies with home offices in the United States (272 companies), Japan (309), and Europe (337) found ethnocentric staffing and human resource policies to be associated with increased personnel problems.
Those problems included recruiting difficulties, high turnover rates, and lawsuits over personnel policies. Among the three regional samples, Japanese companies had the most ethnocentric human resource practices and the most international human resource problems.

Слайд 44

The Role of the Expatriate Spouse
We began to realize that the

entire effectiveness of the assignment could be compromised by ignoring the spouse.
—Steve Ford, Corporation Relocations, Hewlett-Packard
Research on 321 American expatriate spouses shows effective cross-cultural adjustment is more likely
When the firms seek the spouse’s opinion about the international assignment
When the spouse initiates his/her own pre-departure training

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Preparation Adaptation, and Repatriation
Effective HRM ends with the successful repatriation of

the executive into company headquarters
Companies must prepare to minimize the potential effects of reverse culture shock
Ineffective repatriation practices are clear – few managers will be willing to take international assignments

Слайд 46

Preparation Adaptation, and Repatriation
A mentor program to monitor the expatriate’s career

path while abroad and upon repatriation
As an alternative to the mentor program, the establishment of a special organizational unit for the purposes of career planning and continuing guidance for the expatriate
A system of supplying information and maintaining contacts with the expatriate so that he or she may continue to feel a part of the home organization.

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Successful International Assignments
Be sure that repatriation is an explicit part of

your international assignment plan.
A major reason for repatriate dissatisfaction and turnover is upon their return no positions were available for them.
Their new skills and experiences were under appreciated and not utilized.

Слайд 48

Successful International Assignments
2. Identify, establish, and maintain communications with sources of

ongoing support in your home country.
Many repatriates complain that they became disconnected and out of the loop while away.
They felt that their opportunities were limited once they returned because nobody was looking out for them while they were away (e.g., manager, mentor, or career coach).

Global Manager

Содержание

What is management? Some definitionsCoordination and control of people, material, and

IS MANAGEMENT UNIVERSAL? Are these definitions of management universal or do they

What Is Leadership?

Leadership has been defined as the ability to persuade others to

Project GLOBEGLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness)attempt to develop an

The GLOBE project conceived in 1991 by Robert J. House of

Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE ProjectPower distance How much

Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE ProjectInstitutional collectivism How much

Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE ProjectGender egalitarianism How much

Nine Basic Cultural Dimensions from the GLOBE ProjectPerformance orientation How much

How do different countries score on the GLOBE cultural dimensions? A

Countries Ranking Highest and Lowest on the GLOBE Cultural Dimensions

GLOBEThe project included the development of a research protocol including a

Based on a 7-point scale and the "world mean" of each

These 21 leadership scales were statistically and conceptually reduced to six

Charismatic leaders are visionary, inspirational, decisive, and performance oriented, and they

Team-oriented leaders are team builders, and they are collaborative and diplomatic.Instills

Humane leaders are generous, compassionate, modest, and patient.Stresses compassion and

Participative leaders act in a nonautocratic and nondictatorial manner, they delegate,

Self-protective leadership – involves being self-centered, face saving, and procedural. Style

Autonomous leaders are individualistic and independent. Style is characterized by an

Country Clusters According to GLOBE

Next table groups the country clusters from Figure according to the

10-

Building Global Management SkillsGlobal Management SkillsIntegration of management and cross-cultural skills

Types of Global Managers

Key multicultural competenciesA cosmopolitan outlookIntercultural communication skillsCultural sensitivityRapid acculturation skillsFlexible management

Preparing for a Foreign AssignmentExpatriate refers to anyone living and/or working

The Foreign Assignment Cycle

Culture Shock anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of new expectations

Symptoms of culture shock People differ greatly in the degree to which

Stages of culture shock The five stages of culture shock are:1. The

Stages of culture shock 2. Irritability - You start to feel that what

Stages of culture shock 3. Gradual Adjustment - You feel more relaxed and

Stages of culture shock Re-entry Shock - You go home and it isn't

Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) Milton Bennett (1986, 1993).DenialDefenceMinimizationAcceptanceAdaptationIntegrationEthnocentricEthnorelative

The progression from cultural ignorance to understanding has four distinct stages:1.