Electrical safety

Сентябрь 12, 2022

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Electrical safety

Содержание

2. There are four main types of electrical injuries: Electrocution (death due to electrical shock) Electrical shock
3. General Requirements for Electrical Equipment Examination – free from recognized hazards Installation – in accordance with
4. Training Requirements Applies to: Supervisors*, electricians, machine operators*, painters*, engineers*, and welders (*) Do not have
5. Electrical Terminology Current – the movement of electrical charge Resistance – opposition to current flow Voltage
6. Working on or near exposed electrical parts Don’t work on or near exposed electrical parts unless:
7. Electrical Shock Received when current passes through the body Severity of the shock depends on: Path
8. Electrical Burns Most common shock-related, nonfatal injury Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that
9. Falls Electric shock can also cause indirect or secondary injuries Workers in elevated locations who experience
10. Inadequate wiring hazard A hazard exists when a conductor is too small to safely carry the
11. Overload hazards If too many devices are plugged into a circuit, the current will heat the
12. Electrical Protective Devices These devices shut off electricity flow in the event of an overload or
13. Guarding of Live parts Must enclose or guard electric equipment in locations where it would be
14. Cabinets, Boxes and Fittings Junction boxes, pull boxes and fittings must have approved covers Unused openings
15. Thermal imaging
16. Use of Flexible Cords More vulnerable than fixed wiring Flexible cords can be damaged by: Aging
17. Permissible Uses of Flexible Cords - examples Pendant, or Fixture Wiring Portable lamps, tools or appliances
18. Prohibited Uses of Flexible cords - examples Substitute for fixed wiring Run through walls, ceilings, floors,
19. Procedures for using Portable Appliances Proper handling of cords Don’t raise or lower equipment by its
20. Procedures for using Portable Appliances Equipment inspection Visually check for: Loose parts Deformed or missing parts
21. Procedures for using Portable Appliances Equipment inspection Remove defective equipment from service Check the plug and
22. Procedures for using Portable Appliances Plugging/unplugging cord and cord-connected equipment and flexible cords Ensure hands are
23. Use of Nonconductive Ladders Portable ladders must have nonconductive side rails when used near energized parts
24. Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses Warm tools, wires, cords, connections,
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Слайд 2

There are four main types of electrical injuries:
Electrocution (death due to

electrical shock)
Electrical shock
Burns
Falls

Introduction

Слайд 3

General Requirements for Electrical Equipment
Examination – free from recognized hazards
Installation –

in accordance with labeling
Marking – manufacturer’s name, voltage, current, wattage

Disconnect switches- labeled to indicate the circuit’s function
Working clearances in front of electrical equipment
Guarding of live parts operating at 50 volts or more
Cabinets, secured rooms – proper labeling
Must also protect from physical damage (forklifts)

Слайд 4

Training Requirements
Applies to:
Supervisors, electricians, machine operators, painters, engineers, and welders
(*) Do

not have to be trained if they do not work close to exposed parts
Requirements depend on job tasks:
PPE, installation, safe clearances, skills to distinguish exposed parts, determine voltage

Слайд 5

Electrical Terminology
Current – the movement of electrical charge
Resistance – opposition to

current flow
Voltage – a measure of electrical force
Conductors – substances, such as metals, that have little resistance to electricity
Insulators – substances, such as wood, rubber, glass, and bakelite, that have high resistance to electricity

Слайд 6

Working on or near exposed electrical parts
Don’t work on or near

exposed electrical parts unless:
The part is de-energized
The part is locked/tagged out

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Electrical Shock
Received when current passes through the body
Severity of the shock

depends on:
Path of current through the body
Amount of current flowing through the body
Length of time the body is in the circuit
Low voltage does not mean low hazard

Слайд 8

Electrical Burns
Most common shock-related, nonfatal injury
Occurs when you touch electrical wiring

or equipment that is improperly used or maintained
Typically occurs on the hands
Very serious injury that needs immediate attention

Слайд 9

Falls
Electric shock can also cause indirect or secondary injuries
Workers in

elevated locations who experience a shock can fall, resulting in serious injury or death

Слайд 10

Inadequate wiring hazard
A hazard exists when a conductor is too small

to safely carry the current
Example: using a portable tool with an extension cord that has a wire too small for the tool
The tool will draw more current than the cord can handle, causing overheating and a possible fire without tripping the circuit breaker
The circuit breaker could be the right size for the circuit but not for the smaller-wire extension cord

Слайд 11

Overload hazards
If too many devices are plugged into a circuit, the

current will heat the wires to a very high temperature, which may cause a fire
If the wire insulation melts, arcing may occur and cause a fire in the area where the overload exists, even inside a wall

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Electrical Protective Devices
These devices shut off electricity flow in the event

of an overload or ground-fault in the circuit
Include fuses, circuit breakers, and ground-fault circuit-interrupters (GFCIs)
Fuses and circuit breakers are overcurrent devices
When there is too much current:
Fuses melt
Circuit breakers trip open

Слайд 13

Guarding of Live parts
Must enclose or guard electric equipment in locations

where it would be exposed to physical damage

Слайд 14

Cabinets, Boxes and Fittings
Junction boxes, pull boxes and fittings must have

approved covers
Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and fittings must be closed (no missing knockouts)

Слайд 15

Thermal imaging

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Use of Flexible Cords
More vulnerable than fixed wiring
Flexible cords can be

damaged by:
Aging
Door or window edges
Staples or fastenings
Abrasion from adjacent materials
Activities in the area
Improper use of flexible cords can cause shocks, burns or fire

Слайд 17

Permissible Uses of Flexible Cords - examples
Pendant, or
Fixture Wiring
Portable lamps,
tools or

appliances

Stationary equipment-to facilitate interchange

Слайд 18

Prohibited Uses of Flexible cords - examples
Substitute for fixed wiring
Run through

walls, ceilings, floors, doors, or windows

Concealed behind or attached to building surfaces

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Procedures for using Portable Appliances
Proper handling of cords
Don’t raise or lower

equipment by its cord
Don’t unplug the equipment by pulling on its cord
Don’t staple or fasten the cord so as to damage the outer jacket

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Procedures for using Portable Appliances
Equipment inspection
Visually check for:
Loose parts
Deformed or missing

parts
Damaged jackets or insulation

Слайд 21

Procedures for using Portable Appliances
Equipment inspection
Remove defective equipment from service
Check the

plug and receptacle mating configuration before connecting

Слайд 22

Procedures for using Portable Appliances
Plugging/unplugging cord and cord-connected equipment and flexible

cords
Ensure hands are dry
Never pull the plug out by the cord

Слайд 23

Use of Nonconductive Ladders
Portable ladders must have nonconductive side rails when

used near energized parts
Metal ladders can conduct electricity and cause arcing and shocks

Слайд 24

Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist
Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
Warm tools,

wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter that shuts off a circuit
Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection

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Electrical safety

Содержание

There are four main types of electrical injuries:Electrocution (death due to

General Requirements for Electrical EquipmentExamination – free from recognized hazardsInstallation –

Training RequirementsApplies to:Supervisors*, electricians, machine operators*, painters*, engineers*, and welders(*) Do

Electrical TerminologyCurrent – the movement of electrical chargeResistance – opposition to

Working on or near exposed electrical partsDon’t work on or near

Electrical ShockReceived when current passes through the bodySeverity of the shock

Electrical BurnsMost common shock-related, nonfatal injuryOccurs when you touch electrical wiring

FallsElectric shock can also cause indirect or secondary injuries Workers in

Inadequate wiring hazardA hazard exists when a conductor is too small

Overload hazardsIf too many devices are plugged into a circuit, the

Electrical Protective DevicesThese devices shut off electricity flow in the event

Guarding of Live partsMust enclose or guard electric equipment in locations

Cabinets, Boxes and FittingsJunction boxes, pull boxes and fittings must have

Thermal imaging

Use of Flexible CordsMore vulnerable than fixed wiringFlexible cords can be

Permissible Uses of Flexible Cords - examplesPendant, orFixture WiringPortable lamps,tools or

Prohibited Uses of Flexible cords - examplesSubstitute for fixed wiringRun through

Procedures for using Portable AppliancesProper handling of cordsDon’t raise or lower

Procedures for using Portable AppliancesEquipment inspectionVisually check for:Loose partsDeformed or missing

Procedures for using Portable AppliancesEquipment inspectionRemove defective equipment from serviceCheck the

Procedures for using Portable AppliancesPlugging/unplugging cord and cord-connected equipment and flexible

Use of Nonconductive LaddersPortable ladders must have nonconductive side rails when

Clues that Electrical Hazards ExistTripped circuit breakers or blown fusesWarm tools,

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