Уалихан Раушан

Содержание

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Features/Characteristics: Utilizes raw data or material things to promote better understanding

Features/Characteristics:

Utilizes raw data or material things to promote better understanding of

the subject matter or lesson.
To promote information acquisition through observation, experimental solutions to problems guided by reflective thinking and acquisition of skill in manipulation.
Learning by doing.
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Features/Characteristics: Provides students opportunities to conduct or participate in original research.

Features/Characteristics:

Provides students opportunities to conduct or participate in original research.
Develops skill

in using laboratory equipment and instruments.
Enhances higher order thinking skills. (HOTS)
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Major Goals of Laboratory Works: Teaching Manuals and Observational skills relevant

Major Goals of Laboratory Works:

Teaching Manuals and Observational skills relevant to

the subject.
Improving understanding of methods of scientific inquiry.
Developing problem solving and doing by self skills.
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Steps In Laboratory Method: Preparation / Introductory Step In this step

Steps In Laboratory Method:

Preparation / Introductory Step
In this step which provides

for motivation and orientation, the following factors should be taken into account.
Review of past lesson relevant to the present for apperception and motivation.
Raising and defining the work to be done.
Expected learning outcomes.
Planning.
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2. Actual Work Period Students work under the supervision of the

2. Actual Work Period

Students work under the supervision of the teacher.
Students

may work individually or collectively on a particular problem or on different problems and directions must be very specific.
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Guidelines in Using: Make use of the power of observation and

Guidelines in Using:

Make use of the power of observation and reasoning.
Manipulate learning

equipments.
Make use of reality to make learning easier and more permanent.
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Guidelines in Using: Make use of the scientific attitudes. Use the laboratory method or procedure.

Guidelines in Using:

Make use of the scientific attitudes.
Use the laboratory method or

procedure.
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Types of Laboratory Method: 1. Experimental – aims to train students

Types of Laboratory Method:

1. Experimental
– aims to train students in problem solving with

incidental acquisition of information and motor skills, emphasis is on discovery, original procedure, and solution of problems.
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Types of Laboratory Method: 2. Demonstration – is a process of

Types of Laboratory Method:

2. Demonstration
– is a process of presenting or

establishing facts or principles. It is a procedure of doing or performing something in the presence of others or either as a means of showing them how to do it or illustrating a principle.
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Types of Laboratory Method: 3. Culminating Activities When the members of

Types of Laboratory Method:

3. Culminating Activities
When the members of a class

have completed their laboratory work, the class should meet for discussion and organization of findings or for presentation of the results of individual work.
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The following types of activities may be used: Students re-state the

The following types of activities may be used:
Students re-state the problem

that the group has been working on and explain its nature and importance.
Review of the plan for solving the problem and organization of plan for recording the data gathered.
Presentation of illustrative material or special contributions by students working on special problems.
Where students are working on individual projects, special reports may be given before the group, together with an exhibition of their work.
Note-books and written reports may be completed for final record of work.
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Advantages

Advantages

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Advantages: Students learn by doing and come in contact with raw

Advantages:

Students learn by doing and come in contact with raw data

or materials object in teaching learning process.
Develops the power of observation and reasoning.
Develops the scientific attitudes.
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Advantages: Gives an understanding of what research is and how to

Advantages:

Gives an understanding of what research is and how to apply

the scientific method of research.
Gives training in organizing data gathered from real materials object and how these objects are manipulated to attain the objectives.
Since students come in contact with real life situations, it can be a preparation for solving real life problems.
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Disadvantages

Disadvantages

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Disadvantages: Uneconomical way of learning in time and material. Does give

Disadvantages:

Uneconomical way of learning in time and material.
Does give much training

in verbal expression and when the time equipment is used, most of the time, its use becomes mechanical.
Ex. Used without much thinking anymore.
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GENERAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING

GENERAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING

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Basic Concepts: Approach - one’s viewpoint toward teaching Method - a

Basic Concepts:

Approach - one’s viewpoint toward teaching
Method - a series of

related and progressive acts performed by a teacher and students to achieve the objective of the lesson.
Technique – the personal art and style of the teacher in carrying out the procedure of teaching.
Strategy – set of decisions to achieve an objective that results in plan.
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METHODS OF TEACHING Two Types of Teaching Methods

METHODS OF TEACHING Two Types of Teaching Methods

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Direct Approach

Direct Approach

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EXPERIENTIAL APPROACH

EXPERIENTIAL APPROACH

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Direct Methodologies : Expository When to use Direct Instruction Expository Strategies

Direct Methodologies : Expository When to use

Direct Instruction Expository Strategies
Types of Subject

Matter
Content-Oriented
Desired Outcomes
Factual Information
Learning Environments
Similar
Constraints
Information directly available-
no effort to look for it

Guided Instruction Exploratory Strategies
Types of Subject Matter
Experience –Oriented
Desired Outcomes
Deveopment/Formulation of Concept, Principles, Skills, Attitude and Values
Learning Environments
Different
Constraints
Information not available-
needs to be discovered yet

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Characteristics

Characteristics

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1.1 Deductive Teaching : process of teaching that starts with a

1.1 Deductive Teaching : process of teaching that starts with a

rule or general statement that is applied to specific cases/examples 1.2 Expository or Deductive Method : a telling method where facts, concepts, principles and generalizations, are stated presented, defined, interpreted by the teacher and followed by the application of testing of three concepts, principles, generalizations in new examples generated by the student.
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1.3 Demonstration : telling and showing method perform usually by a

1.3 Demonstration : telling and showing method perform usually by a

teacher or a trained student while the rest of the class become observer. 2. Experiential Methodologies; Exploratory 2.1 Inductive : an exploratory method of logic where one arrives at a fact, principle, truth or generalization. : Formulating conclusion, a definition, a rule, a principle or a formula based on knowledge of examples and details
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Studying: observing, comparing many instances or cases in several instances to

Studying: observing, comparing many instances or cases in several instances to

discover the common element and form generalization. 2.2 Discovery : a method in which thoughts are synthesized to perceive something that the individual has not known before. : the learner gets directly involved in learning : learning is a result of the learners own internalized, insights, reflection and experiences
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2.3 Problem Solving Method : any purposeful activity that will remove

2.3 Problem Solving Method : any purposeful activity that will remove

a recognized difficulty or perplexity in situation through the process of reasoning. 2.4 Project Method : a significant practical units of an activity of a problematic nature carried on by students in a lifelike manner and in natural setting. It maybe a construction, an enjoyment, a problem or a learning project.
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2.5 Laboratory Method : a set of first hand learning activities

2.5 Laboratory Method : a set of first hand learning activities

wherein the individual investigates a problem, conducts experiments, observes, process or applies theories and principles in simulated setting. 2.6 Inquiry Teaching : Learners are confronted with a puzzling situation and are to enter into investigative work to solve a problem 2.7 Reflective Teaching : an on-going process that enables individuals to continually learn from their own experiences by considering alternative interpretations of situations, generating and evaluating goals and examining experiences in the light of alternative goals and hypothesis.
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A teaching approach that brings the individual to continually learn from

A teaching approach that brings the individual to continually learn from

their experiences through analysis of their own experiences, actions, decisions, beliefs in the light of alternative goals and hypothesis. - The act of teaching that focuses thought on certain phenomenon through inspection and analysis.
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2.8 Metacognitive Teaching : a teaching approach where learners are trained

2.8 Metacognitive Teaching : a teaching approach where learners are trained to

become aware of and exert control over their own learning by using metacognitive processes. 2.8.1 Cooperative Learning Strategy : a type of group work in which two or more students interact with the common goal of mastering specific academic materials, sample approaches.
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SAMPLE APPROACHES 1. STAD – Student Teams Achievement Approach (Slavin) Academic

SAMPLE APPROACHES 1. STAD – Student Teams Achievement Approach (Slavin)

Academic information are

presented each week through verbal text.
Students are divided into learning teams of four members (heterogeneous)
Team members help one another to master the academic materials using worksheets, tutoring quizzing, one another, and team discussion.
Quizzes are administered weekly/biweekly and scored and each student is given improvement score.
Improvement score is recorded, based on the degree to which the scores exceed the student’s past averages.
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Individual improvement scores are added to give a team score. Team

Individual improvement scores are added to give a team score.
Team success

is acknowledged through short newsletter containing the learning outcomes.
2. JIGSAW I (Dronson, etc.)
Student is assigned to heterogeneous study home teams.
Academic materials divided into clearly defined sections presented to the students in text form.
Within each team, one student is responsible for mastering each section.
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References: The Laboratory Method of Teaching ppt. by R D l.

References:

The Laboratory Method of Teaching ppt. by R D l. Galiciano

and R J A. Tering
Laboratory Teaching Methods ppt. By C. Tunzon, etc.
Notes on The Laboratory Method of Teaching Natural Sciences Retrieved from:
http://www.preservearticles.com/2012010920369
/notes-on-the-laboratory- method-of-teaching- natural-sciences.html
The Fruit of My Sufferings Retrieved from: http://bhry-beyondhistory.
blogspot.com/2011/01/lesson-plan-in-science-5- laboratory.html