Writing process

Август 2, 2022

Содержание

2. Plan What is a writing process? Stages of writing Text structure Six steps of the writing
3. What is a writing process? Writing is a complex combination of skills which is best taught
4. Stages of writing *scaffolding - инструктирование
6. Structure of longer texts thesis (Sg.)- диссертация theses (Pl.)– диссертации
7. *Some terminology Abstract All journal articles have an abstract, which is a paragraph summarising the purpose
8. When we write, we do more than just put words together to make sentences. Good writers
10. Step 1: Pre-Writing to outline – обрисовать, наметить, обозначить 1. Choose a topic. Before you write,
11. Step 2 - Drafting Write! Write your paragraph or essay from start to finish. Use your
12. Step3 – Revising 1. Revise structure and content. 2. Check what you have written. 3. Read
13. Step 4- Editing 1. Use your ideas from step 3 to rewrite your text, making improvements
14. Step 5 - Publishing Now your text is finished!
15. Task 1. Find the words in the lists above that match the following definitions. The vocabulary
16. The format of academic writing There is considerable variation in the format of academic writing required
17. Task 2. Look at the example below and identify the features underlined, using the words in
18. What is plagiarism?
20. Main rules for avoiding plagiarism If you borrow or refer to the work of another person,
22. Task 3. Consider the academic situations in the following table and decide if they are plagiarism.
25. Questions: What is a writing process? What is the aim of every writing process? What can
26. Make a list of words/terms you have learnt today improvement – silently– to rewrite - …
27. Tell your group mates what you have learnt today about writing process Write a short text
28. Choose 2-3 terms from the given list, and explain them with your own words Writing Drafting
29. Reflection Was the lesson today interesting for you? Why? Was the lesson today difficult for you?
31. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Plan
What is a writing process?
Stages of writing
Text structure
Six steps of the

writing process
The format of academic writing
Plagiarism. What is plagiarism, and how to avoid it.

Слайд 3

What is a writing process?
Writing is a complex combination of skills

which is best taught by breaking down the process into steps.
The writing process involves a series of steps to follow in producing a finished piece of writing.
Educators have found that by focusing on the process of writing, almost everyone learns to write successfully.
By breaking down writing step-by-step, writer’s block is reduced.

Слайд 4

Stages of writing
*scaffolding - инструктирование

Слайд 5

Слайд 6

Structure of longer texts
thesis (Sg.)- диссертация
theses (Pl.)– диссертации

Слайд 7

*Some terminology
Abstract
All journal articles have an abstract, which is a

paragraph summarising the purpose and conclusions of the article. Reading this should give you a good idea of the relevance of the text for you.
Contents
A list of the main chapters or sections. This should tell you how much space is devoted to the topic you are researching.
Introduction
This is where the author often explains his/her reasons for writing, and also how the text is organized.
References
This list shows all the sources used by the author and referred to in the text. It may give you some suggestions for further reading.
Bibliography
These are the sources the author has used but not specifically referred to.

Слайд 8

When we write, we do more than just put words together

to make sentences.
Good writers go through several steps to produce a piece of writing.

Слайд 9

Слайд 10

Step 1: Pre-Writing
to outline – обрисовать, наметить, обозначить
1. Choose a topic.

Before you write, your teacher gives you a specific assignment or some ideas of what to write about. If not, choose your topic yourself.
2. Gather ideas. When you have a topic, think about what you will write about that topic. Make notes.
3. Organize. Decide which of the ideas you want to use and where you want to use them. Choose which idea to talk about first, which to talk about next, and which to talk about last.

Слайд 11

Step 2 - Drafting
Write!
Write your paragraph or essay from start

to finish.
Use your notes about your ideas and organization.

draft – черновик, наброски, проект

Слайд 12

Step3 – Revising
1. Revise structure and content.
2. Check what you

have written.
3. Read your writing silently to yourself or aloud, perhaps to a friend.
4. Look for places where you can add more information, and check to see if you have any unnecessary information.
5. Ask a group mate to exchange texts with you. Your group mate reads your text, and you read his or hers. Getting a reader's opinion is a good way to know if your writing is clear and effective.

Слайд 13

Step 4- Editing
1. Use your ideas from step 3 to

rewrite your text, making improvements to the structure and content. You might need to explain something more clearly, or add more details. You may even need to change your organization so that your text is more logical.

2. Proofread. Read your text again. This time, check your spelling and grammar and think about the words you have chosen to use. Make final corrections. Check that you have corrected the errors you discovered in step 3 and make any other changes you want to make.

Слайд 14

Step 5 - Publishing
Now your text is finished!

Слайд 15

Task 1. Find the words in the lists above that match

the following definitions. The vocabulary on slide 6 will help you.

A short summary of 100–200 words which explains the paper’s purpose and main findings. __________________________________________________________
A list of all the sources the writer has mentioned in the text. __________________________________________________________
A section, at the end, where less important information is included. __________________________________________________________
A short section where people who have helped the writer are thanked. __________________________________________________________
Part of the main body in which the writer discusses relevant research. __________________________________________________________
A section where one particular example is described in detail. ________________________________________________________
* Course book (p.5-6)

Слайд 16

The format of academic writing
There is considerable variation in the format

of academic writing required by different schools and departments. Your teachers may give you guide - lines, or you should ask them what they want. But some general features apply to most formats.

Слайд 17

Task 2. Look at the example below and identify the features

underlined, using the words in the box below.
The Effectiveness of Microcredit
An evaluation of programs in India and the Philippines.
Introduction
In the last ten years considerable claims have been made about the value of microcredit (also known as microfinance); the provision of unsecured small loans to the poor in
developing countries. But it has proved surprisingly difficult to accurately measure the effectiveness of these loans, without interference from other non-commercial factors.
Two recent studies have attempted to compare the effects on randomly-chosen groups of people with access to microcredit, compared to those without. The first (Bannerjee et al., 2009), based at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), looked at slumdwellers in the city of Hyderabad in India.
(a) __________________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________________
(d) __________________________________________________________
(e) __________________________________________________________
(f) __________________________________________________________
*Course book (p. 6-7)

sentence heading sub-title paragraph title phrase

Слайд 18

What is plagiarism?

Слайд 19

Слайд 20

Main rules for avoiding plagiarism
If you borrow or refer to the

work of another person, you must show that you have done
this by providing the correct acknowledgement. This is done by the following methods:
Summary and citation:
Rodgers (2007) argues that family-owned businesses survive recessions better.
2. Quotation and citation:
As Rodgers maintains: ‘There is strong evidence for the resilience of family businesses in
recessionary times.’ (Rodgers, 2007: 23)
! These citations are linked to a list of references at the end of the main text/

Слайд 21

Слайд 22

Task 3. Consider the academic situations in the following table and

decide if they are plagiarism.

* Course book (p.27)

Слайд 23

Слайд 24

Слайд 25

Questions:
What is a writing process?
What is the aim of every writing

process?
What can be a product of writing?
How is the basic structure of an academic text?
What are constituent components of a longer academic texts?
What are 5 steps of a writing process?
What is plagiarism?
How can you avoid plagiarism?

Слайд 26

Make a list of words/terms you have learnt today
improvement –
silently–
to rewrite

-
…
…
…
…
…
..
…
NB: write about 15-20 lexical items

Слайд 27

Tell your group mates what you have learnt today about writing

process

Write a short text about writing process (about 10-12 short sentences). Use the plan, the questions, and the vocabulary you have learnt today.
Present your findings to your group mates.

Слайд 28