Black American english

Июль 30, 2022

Содержание

2. BLACK AMERICAN ENGLISH MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS SPEAK AND USE A FORM OF ENGLISH THAT IS SOMEWHAT
3. WHAT IS BLACK ENGLISH? BLACK ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE OF BLACK AMERICA. CAUTION: NOT ALL 36
4. WHERE DOES [BE] COME FROM? BLACK ENGLISH IS A FUNCTIONAL FORM OF COMMUNICATION THAT EVOLVED FROM
5. FEATURES OF BLACK ENGLISH PHONOLOGY “SOUNDS MEAN MORE TO ME THAN PLAYING A LOT OF NOTES”
6. A SAMPLE OF SOME OTHER PRONUNCIATION FEATURES [SE] [BE] OUT HERE OUT CHERE LIBRARY LIBERRY SUPPOSED
7. A SAMPLE OF SOME OTHER PRONUNCIATION FEATURES [SE] [BE] ABOUT ‘BOUT BEFORE ‘FO BIRTH CERTIFICATE BURF
8. LEXICON (VOCABULARY, CODES, WORDSETS) BLACK ENGLISH SPEAKERS HAVE A LARGE REPERTOIRE OF SLANG WORDS UNCOMMON TO
9. CONCLUSION ANY PERSON WHO SPEAKS ENGLISH IN AMERICA SPEAKS A DIALECT [ACCENT] OF ENGLISH. [e.g., BOSTON
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BLACK AMERICAN ENGLISH
MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS SPEAK AND USE A FORM OF

ENGLISH THAT IS SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM STANDARD ENGLISH.
EVERY LANGUAGE SYSTEM CONTAINS RULES.
THE RULES OF BLACK AMERICAN ENGLISH [BE] ARE FUNCTIONAL TO THOSE WHO USE THEM.
THESE RULES ARE SYSTEMATIC AND ARE APPLIED OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY.
MORE RECENTLY, BLACK ENGLISH HAS BEEN REFERRED TO AS ENGLISH USED IN A “CASUAL REGISTER.” (Payne)

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WHAT IS BLACK ENGLISH?
BLACK ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE OF BLACK AMERICA.
CAUTION:

NOT ALL 36 MILLION AFRICAN AMERICANS CHOOSE TO SPEAK BLACK ENGLISH, ESPECIALLY THE EDUCATED MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME BLACKS.
BLACK ENGLISH HAS BEEN CALLED:
NONSTANDARD BLACK DIALECT
BLACK ENGLISH VERNACULAR [BEV]
AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH [AAE]
AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH [AAVE]
EBONICS [USEB]
BLACK COMMUNICATIONS [BC]
BLACK POVERTY LANGUAGE
CASUAL REGISTER ENGLISH
RAP

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WHERE DOES [BE] COME FROM?
BLACK ENGLISH IS A FUNCTIONAL FORM OF

COMMUNICATION THAT EVOLVED FROM THE CREOLIZATION OF PLANTATION ENGLISH AND THE TRANSPORTED LANGUAGES SPOKEN BY ENSLAVED AFRICANS.
BLACK ENGLISH REPRESENTS A CROSS-FERTILIZATION OF LANGUAGES NURTURED AND PASSED DOWN FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT IN AN ORAL AND AURAL TRADITIONAL CLIMATE, SINCE LAWS [BLACK CODES] MANDATED THAT ANY PERSON CAUGHT TEACHING A SLAVE TO READ OR WRITE COULD BE FINED AND PUT IN JAIL.

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FEATURES OF BLACK ENGLISH
PHONOLOGY
“SOUNDS MEAN MORE TO ME THAN PLAYING

A LOT OF NOTES” – BB KING (Bluesman)
TEACHERS WHO USE A PHONICS APPROACH TO TEACH READING SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE REPERTOIRE OF SOUNDS IN BLACK ENGLISH.
KENNETH R. JOHNSON, WALT WOLFMAN, BARATZ, AND OTHERS HAVE PRESENTED SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS, PHONOLOGICAL AND GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES, AND FEATURES OF BLACK ENGLISH. HERE ARE SOME OF THEIR RESEARCH FINDINGS:

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A SAMPLE OF SOME OTHER PRONUNCIATION FEATURES
[SE] [BE]
OUT HERE OUT CHERE
LIBRARY LIBERRY
SUPPOSED ‘POSED
SINK ZINK
FRIEND FRIEN’
PIN PEN
WANT TO WANNA
GOT TO

GOTTA
USE TO GO USE-DA GO
CHILDREN CHIL’RUN
OFTEN CAME USE-TA COME

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A SAMPLE OF SOME OTHER PRONUNCIATION FEATURES
[SE] [BE]
ABOUT ‘BOUT
BEFORE ‘FO
BIRTH CERTIFICATE BURF SUSTIFICUT
FIFTY FITTY
DOESN’T HAVE ANY AIN’T

GOT NO
OIL WELL ALL WHEEL
CORNER CORNAH or CORNDA
SINCE CENTS
SURE SHO’ or SHORE
TIN TEN
FISH FEESH

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LEXICON (VOCABULARY, CODES, WORDSETS)
BLACK ENGLISH SPEAKERS HAVE A LARGE REPERTOIRE OF

SLANG WORDS UNCOMMON TO STANDARD ENGLISH. MOST OF THE SLANG WORDS WE FIND IN AMERICA WERE COINED BY JAZZ MUSICIANS AND INNER CITY RAPPERS.
AS SOON AS A SLANG WORD ENTERS THE MAINSTREAM AND IS USED BY STANDARD ENGLISH SPEAKERS, BLACK ENGLISH SPEAKERS OFTEN STOP USING THE WORD AND INVENT A NEW WORD. HOWEVER, SOME WORDS LIKE “COOL” AND “CRIB” REMAIN IN PERENNIAL USE FOR DECADES.

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CONCLUSION
ANY PERSON WHO SPEAKS ENGLISH IN AMERICA SPEAKS A DIALECT [ACCENT]

OF ENGLISH. [e.g., BOSTON TO MISSISSIPPI, BROOKLYN TO NEW ORLEANS, CALIFORNIA TO ALABAMA, OREGON TO NORTH CAROLINA….ETC.]
E PLURIBUS UNUM (ONE COMPOSED OF MANY): EACH DIALECT IS IMPORTANT AND ADDS TO THE CULTURAL ENRICHMENT OF AMERICA.
WE CAN TEACH ALL CHILDREN STANDARD ENGLISH AS WELL AS ALLOW FOR CULTURAL LINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES.
THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION HERE IS: HOW DOES KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES ENABLE A TEACHER TO HELP STUDENTS SUCCEED IN SCHOOL?