Building Simple Sentences

Август 10, 2022

Содержание

2. EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH VERBAL PHRASES Verbal phrase consists of a verbal and any objects or
3. GERUND PHRASES A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any objects and/or modifiers. A gerund
4. GERUND PHRASES Example: Riding my bike is enjoyable in the evening. Gerund: riding Direct object: my
5. GERUND PHRASES I welcomed beginning a new life. Gerund is: Beginning I began opening the window.
6. INFINITIVE PHRASES An infinitive phrase starts with an infinitive (to), which is followed by any objects,
7. INFINITIVE PHRASES Examples: To tour Australia slowly is my dream. Infinitive is to tour (subject). Object:
8. INFINITIVE PHRASES Object is my exams (the direct object of the infinitive). Modifier is with good
9. PARTICIPIAL PHRASES A participial phrase consists of either a past or a present participle and any
10. PARTICIPIAL PHRASES Object: the ducks (direct object of the participle) Modifier: keenly (an adverb modifying the
11. EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH APPOSITIVES Appositives rename noun phrases and are usually placed beside what they
12. APPOSITIVES A noun phrase that adds more information about a noun or pronoun. Use a comma
13. USING MODIFIERS A misplaced modifier appears to describe the wrong word or phrase, or it is
14. MISPLACED MODIFIERS Misplaced modifier: A word or phrase placed too far from the word or phrase
15. A DANGLING MODIFIER Rule: Avoid dangling modifiers. Method 1: Fix a dangling modifier by making it
16. EXAMPLES Dangling: Paddling down the river, the canoe overturned. Correction # 1: As we paddled down
17. APPOSITIVES Appositives can also rename nouns phrases that are not the subject. We waited in our
18. EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS Compounds may be joined in three ways: with commas, with
19. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Examples: Do you want to study math or English? The coordinating conjunction “or” is
20. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS I got up and left the room. The conjunction “and” is connecting the words.
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EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH VERBAL PHRASES
Verbal phrase consists of a verbal

and any objects or modifiers.
A verbal is a verb form that does not serve as a verb in the sentence. Instead, it functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb. There are three types of verbals: a gerund, an infinitive, and a participle.

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GERUND PHRASES
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any objects

and/or modifiers.
A gerund phrase can look similar to a participial phrase because the gerund has the same form as the present participle. The main difference is that the gerund (phrase) functions as a noun (i.e. subject, object, subject complement, appositive), but the participial phrase serves as an adjective.

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GERUND PHRASES
Example:
Riding my bike is enjoyable in the evening.
Gerund: riding
Direct object:

my bike
Modifiers: in the evening

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GERUND PHRASES
I welcomed beginning a new life.
Gerund is: Beginning
I began

opening the window.
Gerund is: Opening
We like making changes
Gerund is: Making

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INFINITIVE PHRASES
An infinitive phrase starts with an infinitive (to), which

is followed by any objects, and/or modifiers.
Example: To get my grade, I tried to call the registrar’s office, but the receptionist told me to come in the office.
The infinitive phrases are to get my grade and to come in the office. infinitive(+)object(+)modifier.

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INFINITIVE PHRASES
Examples:
To tour Australia slowly is my dream.
Infinitive is to tour

(subject).
Object: Australia (direct object of the infinitive)
Modifier: Slowly (an adverb modifying the infinitive)
The infinitive phrase is to tour Australia slowly.
I must study to pass my exams with good marks.
Infinitive is to pass.

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INFINITIVE PHRASES
Object is my exams (the direct object of the infinitive).
Modifier

is with good marks (a prepositional phrase modifying the infinitive).
Infinitive phrase: to pass my winter exams with good marks.

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PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
A participial phrase consists of either a past or a

present participle and any objects, and/or modifiers.
Example:
1. That dog keenly hunting the ducks must be a thoroughbred.
Participle: HUNTING

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PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Object: the ducks (direct object of the participle)
Modifier: keenly (an

adverb modifying the participle)
Participial phrase: keenly hunting the ducks
2. Hidden by trees, Jerry waited to scare Mark.
Participle: Hidden
Modifier: by the trees (a prepositional phrase modifying “hidden”)
Participial phrase: hidden by the trees (an adjective modifying “Jerry”)

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EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH APPOSITIVES
Appositives rename noun phrases and are usually

placed beside what they rename.
Example:
That woman, our president, spoke out against racism.
“Our president” renames the subject “that woman,” which is an appositive.

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APPOSITIVES
A noun phrase that adds more information about a noun or

pronoun.
Use a comma to separate a nonessential appositive from the rest of the sentence. Do not use a comma for an essential appositive.
Nonessential: Ron, my friend, has 13 credit cards.
Essential: He is reading the library book Ten Ways to Get Out of Debt.

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USING MODIFIERS
A misplaced modifier appears to describe the wrong word or

phrase, or it is unclear which word or phrase the modifier is describing.
A dangling modifier is another problem modifier. A modifier is dangling when the sentence lacks the subject that the modifier is describing.

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MISPLACED MODIFIERS
Misplaced modifier: A word or phrase placed too far from

the word or phrase that is described.
Misplaced: Our hands blistered when we paddled the boat painfully. (Does painfully modify paddled?)
Revised: Our hands blistered painfully when we paddled the boat.

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A DANGLING MODIFIER
Rule: Avoid dangling modifiers.
Method 1: Fix

a dangling modifier by making it into subordinate clause.
Method 2: Fix a dangling modifier by changing the subject of the sentence to the word that the modifier is describing.

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EXAMPLES
Dangling: Paddling down the river, the canoe overturned.
Correction # 1: As

we paddled down the river, the canoe overturned.
Correction # 2: Paddling down the river, we overturned the canoe.

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APPOSITIVES
Appositives can also rename nouns phrases that are not the subject.
We

waited in our favorite meeting place, the pub. “The pub” renames “Our favorite meeting place,” so it is an appositive.

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EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Compounds may be joined in three

ways: with commas, with a coordinating conjunction, or with a pair of correlative conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join sentence parts of equal grammatical status.

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COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Examples:
Do you want to study math or English? The coordinating

conjunction “or” is linking two nouns.
Do you want to go to the park or to the zoo? The conjunction “or” is linking the phrase “ to the park” with the phrase “to the zoo.”
He gave me his phone number, but I lost it. The conjunction “but” is connecting two sentences of equal status.

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COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
I got up and left the room. The conjunction “and”

is connecting the words.
I understand, speak, write and read French.

Building Simple Sentences

Содержание

EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH VERBAL PHRASESVerbal phrase consists of a verbal

GERUND PHRASESA gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any objects

GERUND PHRASESExample:Riding my bike is enjoyable in the evening.Gerund: ridingDirect object:

GERUND PHRASESI welcomed beginning a new life. Gerund is: BeginningI began

INFINITIVE PHRASES An infinitive phrase starts with an infinitive (to), which

INFINITIVE PHRASESExamples:To tour Australia slowly is my dream.Infinitive is to tour

INFINITIVE PHRASESObject is my exams (the direct object of the infinitive).Modifier

PARTICIPIAL PHRASESA participial phrase consists of either a past or a

PARTICIPIAL PHRASESObject: the ducks (direct object of the participle)Modifier: keenly (an

EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH APPOSITIVESAppositives rename noun phrases and are usually

APPOSITIVESA noun phrase that adds more information about a noun or

USING MODIFIERSA misplaced modifier appears to describe the wrong word or

MISPLACED MODIFIERSMisplaced modifier: A word or phrase placed too far from

A DANGLING MODIFIERRule: Avoid dangling modifiers. Method 1: Fix

EXAMPLESDangling: Paddling down the river, the canoe overturned.Correction # 1: As

APPOSITIVESAppositives can also rename nouns phrases that are not the subject.We

EXPANDING SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONSCompounds may be joined in three

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSExamples:Do you want to study math or English? The coordinating

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSI got up and left the room. The conjunction “and”

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