Comparison of phraseological units with zoonyms in the English, German and Russian languages

Август 2, 2022

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Comparison of phraseological units with zoonyms in the English, German and Russian languages

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2. The Origin of Phraseological Units Phraseological units have many peculiarities. They are considered anomalies of language.
3. The Origin of Phraseological Units Native Phraseological Units The origin of the majority of phraseological units
4. Phraseological units with zoonyms can describe: Place Amount Time Person Appearance Intelligence Personality traits Physical condition
5. Full equivalents
6. Full equivalents
7. Full equivalents
8. Full equivalents
9. Partial equivalents
10. Partial equivalents
11. Partial equivalents
12. Units that share the same meaning but are translated differently
13. Units that share the same meaning but are translated differently
14. Most popular zoonyms in German The most popular animal in German phraseological units is a dog,
15. Most popular zoonyms in English Horses since olden times were one of the favorite animals among
16. Most popular zoonyms in Russian Russians mostly use domestic animals or pets in their phraseological units.
17. Conclusion The zoonym “Dog” is popular in phraseological units of all languages under consideration. German and
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The Origin of Phraseological Units
Phraseological units have many peculiarities.
They are

considered anomalies of language.
Their meanings cannot be predicted from the meaning of their constituents, and they have either partially or fully transferred meanings.
The origin of PU is different. Some are related to memorable events, some are political, others are religious.
Scientists identify native and borrowed phraseological units.

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The Origin of Phraseological Units
Native Phraseological Units
The origin of the majority

of phraseological units is unknown, but they may reflect traditions, memorable events, customs, and beliefs of native speakers.
English: a black sheep.
German: die Katze aus dem Sack lassen.
Russian: медвежья услуга.
Borrowed Phraseological Units
These phraseologisms came from other languages.
English: every dog is a lion at home (from Italian).
German: Eulen nach Athen tragen (from Ancient Greek).
Russian: гадкий утенок (from English).

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Phraseological units with zoonyms can describe:
Place
Amount
Time
Person
Appearance
Intelligence
Personality traits
Physical condition
Emotional condition
Behavior
Relationships
Attitude to work
Social

status

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Full equivalents

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Full equivalents

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Full equivalents

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Full equivalents

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Partial equivalents

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Partial equivalents

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Partial equivalents

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Units that share the same meaning but are translated differently

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Units that share the same meaning but are translated differently

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Most popular zoonyms in German
The most popular animal in German phraseological

units is a dog, because it was considered as a reliable human companion and was an important part of human’s life.
The use of zoonym “Pig” can be explained by the fact that pig breeding was one of the oldest types of animal husbandry in Germany.
Bears and Badgers were common in Europe, that is why they were used not only in phraseologisms but also in fairy tales and fables.

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Most popular zoonyms in English
Horses since olden times were one of

the favorite animals among English people. England is also deemed as home of horse races. It is second popular sport in England after football.
Dogs and cats as the most popular pets were frequently used in English phraseological units too.
Lion in English culture was an embodiment of strength, power, bravery and honor.

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Most popular zoonyms in Russian
Russians mostly use domestic animals or pets

in their phraseological units.
The zoonym “Wolf” is used to represent “evil” and has a negative connotation. It is because wolf was always an enemy of peasants and villagers.

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Conclusion
The zoonym “Dog” is popular in phraseological units of all languages

under consideration.
German and Russian phraseological units have a lot in common.
German and English units have little in common.
The same animals can personify different traits (good or bad) in different languages, what proves that word perception in different cultures can vary.