Parts of speech

Июль 30, 2022

Содержание

2. The division of words into classes CRITERIA: Semantic (meaning) Formal (form) derivational features a set of
3. Traditional grammar approach Scherba: notional parts of speech (N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num) Functional parts
4. M. Blokh (semantico-grammatical analysis): Notional (names): N,V,Adv,Adj pronominal words (substitutes of names): pronouns, numbers, words of
5. Modern approaches J. Sweet divided the vocabulary on the morphological properties into declinables (N, Adj, V)
6. Glison’s classification is based on two formal indications: morphological form and word-order (the group which has
7. O. Jespersen proposed a classification based on the lexical meaning and morphological function of the word
8. The field structure of the English Vocabulary Adjectives Nouns Verbs Adv
9. Notional and functional parts of speech 1 The lexical meaning is bright and distinct 2 They
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The division of words into classes
CRITERIA:
Semantic (meaning)
Formal (form) derivational features

a set of grammatical
categories
Functional (function) function in the sentence
combinability

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Traditional grammar approach
Scherba: notional parts of speech
(N, V, Adv, Adj,

Pron, Num)
Functional parts of speech
(art, prep, conj, part, modal words, interj)
V.Vinogradov: notional parts of speech
(N, V, Adv, Adj, Pron, Num, the category of state (alone, alive,ashore)
Functional: particles proper, linking particles, prepositions,conjunctions)

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M. Blokh (semantico-grammatical analysis):
Notional (names): N,V,Adv,Adj
pronominal words (substitutes of names):

pronouns, numbers, words of broad semantcs (“do”, ”thing” etc. )
Functional words: prep, conj, particles, determiners etc.

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Modern approaches
J. Sweet divided the vocabulary
on the morphological properties into
declinables

(N, Adj, V) and indeclinables (Adv, Prep, Conj, Interj).
on the basis of the syntactic functioning of definite classes of words into
nominal words (noun-words) include noun-pronouns, noun-numerals, infinitives, gerunds;
adjective words include adjective pronouns, adjective numerals, particles;
verb group includes personal forms and verbals.

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Glison’s classification is based on two formal indications: morphological form and

word-order
(the group which has formal indications of word-changing (N, V, Adj, Adv)
and the group which has no such indications. nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs
Sledda distinguishes inflectional (nominals, verbals, adjectivals, adverbials) and positional classes. He also adds 8 smaller classes here: auxiliary verbs, determiners, prepositions conjunctions and different classes of pronouns.

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O. Jespersen proposed a classification based on the lexical meaning and

morphological function of the word in the phrase.

(The theory of three ranks)
primary word (Adj + N) e.g. a barking dog
secondary word (Adj + N) - a barking dog
tertiary words: a furiously barking dog
In the junction we find primaries and adjuncts, subjuncts
In the sentence I see a dog we find nexus (I see) and adnex (a dog)

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The field structure of the English Vocabulary
Adjectives
Nouns
Verbs
Adv

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Notional and functional parts of speech
1 The lexical meaning is bright

and distinct
2 They аre open classes
3 They perform certain functions in the sentence
4 They form the "Lexical Paradigm of Nomination“

1 The lexical meaning is very general and weak;
2 they are closed systems (include a limited number of members);
3 function as linking and specifying words.
4 They have obligatory combinability;