Презентация к уроку английского языка "Theory of Phonology" - скачать

Август 24, 2022

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Презентация к уроку английского языка "Theory of Phonology" - скачать

Содержание

2. The Syllable Plan: The Syllable as a phonetic and phonological unit. Theories of Syllable Formation &
3. Do such words as fire meal schism have one syllable or two?
4. Where is the boundary between the syllables in the word master ma-ster mas-ter mast-ter ?
5. 1. The Phonetic Syllable. The stream of speech is characterized by differences in sonority from one
6. A hierarchy of English sounds according to their degree of sonority. Vowels among vowels, the open
7. 2. The Phonological syllable. The syllable is defined as the lowest phonological construction into which phonemes
8. The syllable may be defined as a segment of speech containing a peak of sonority.
9. 2. Theories of Syllable Formation & Syllable Division The vowel theory. There are as many syllables
10. Scale of Sonority Low vowels /a:, O:, P, x/ Mid vowels /e, E:, q, A/ High
11. 3. Functional Characteristics of the Syllable. As a phonological unit the syllable performs three functions: Constitutive
12. Constitutive function Syllables constitute words, phrases and sentences through the combination of their prosodic features: loudness
13. Distinctive & Differentiatory Function Is revealed through the phenomenon of “juncture”. Close juncture occurs between sounds
14. Mark the type of juncture in: a nation an Asian it swings its wings до дела
15. American scientists H.A. Gleanson, L.S. Harris, K. Pike Consider the open juncture a separate segmental phoneme.
16. Identificatory Function This function is conditioned by the pronunciation of the speaker. The listener can understand
17. 4. Graphic Characteristics of the Syllable. Division of words into syllables in writing (syllabographs) is based
18. Structural properties of the syllable A syllable may be formed by : a vowel (V) a
19. Unlike the Russian language some consonants in English may form syllables: in unstressed final position preceded
20. Types of syllabic structure V – fully open VC – finally closed CV – initially covered
21. Examples of English syllable types: V – fully open → / E: / err VC –
22. Give examples of different types of syllables: CVC CVCC CVCCC CCCVC CVCCCC
23. The number of syllables in the English word can vary from one to eight : /
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Слайд 2

The Syllable
Plan:
The Syllable as a phonetic and phonological unit.
Theories of

Syllable Formation & Syllable Division.
Functional Characteristics of the Syllable.
Graphic Characteristics of the Syllable.

Слайд 3

Do such words as
fire
meal
schism
have one syllable or two?

Слайд 4

Where is the boundary between the syllables in the word
master
ma-ster
mas-ter
mast-ter
?

Слайд 5

1. The Phonetic Syllable.
The stream of speech is characterized by

differences in sonority from one point to the next.

Which factors cause these sonority differences?

Voicing (vocal cords vibration)
The amount of air expelled from the lungs
The resonance quality of sounds

Слайд 6

A hierarchy of English sounds according to their degree of sonority.
Vowels

among vowels, the open ones are more sonorous than the close ones
Liquids /l/, /r/
Nasals
Other consonants
among consonants, the voiced ones are more sonorous than the voiceless ones

Слайд 7

2. The Phonological syllable.
The syllable is defined as the lowest phonological

construction into which phonemes are combined.

a central segment (the nucleus or peak of the syllable)

It consists of three segments:

an initial segment (the onset)

a final segment (the coda)

Слайд 8

The syllable may be defined as a segment of speech containing

a peak of sonority.

Слайд 9

2. Theories of Syllable Formation & Syllable Division
The vowel theory.
There

are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels.
The expiratory theory.
There are as many syllables in a word as there are expiration pulses.
The sonority theory.
There are as many syllables in a word as there are peaks of prominence or sonority.

Слайд 10

Scale of Sonority
Low vowels /a:, O:, P, x/
Mid vowels /e, E:,

q, A/
High vowels /i:, I, u:, V/
Semi-vowels /w, j /
Sonorants /l, r, m, n, N /
Voiced constrictive consonants /v, z, Z, D/
Voiced plosive consonants /b, d, g/
Voiceless constrictive consonants & affricates /S, C, G, f, s , h, T /
Voiceless plosive consonants /p, t, k/

Слайд 11

3. Functional Characteristics of the Syllable.
As a phonological unit the syllable

performs three functions:
Constitutive
Distinctive
Identificatory

Слайд 12

Constitutive function
Syllables constitute words, phrases and sentences through the combination of

their prosodic features:

loudness – stress
pitch – tone
duration – length
tempo

Syllables may be:
stressed- unstressed
high, mid, low, rising, falling
long, short

Слайд 13

Distinctive & Differentiatory Function
Is revealed through the phenomenon of “juncture”.
Close

juncture occurs between sounds within one syllable
Open juncture occurs between two syllables

Слайд 14

Mark the type of juncture in:
a nation
an Asian
it swings
its

wings

до дела ли

доделали

о Толе

от Оли

ice cream

I scream

Слайд 15

American scientists H.A. Gleanson, L.S. Harris, K. Pike
Consider the open juncture

a separate segmental phoneme.

They include / + / into the inventory of phonemes as
a separate differentiatory unit.

We +loan we’ll + own
a + coke
I + feel

Слайд 16

Identificatory Function
This function is conditioned by the pronunciation of the speaker.
The

listener can understand the exact meaning of the utterance only if the syllabic boundary is perceived correctly –
“syllabodisjuncture”.

e.g.
pea stalks - peace talks
my train – might rain

Слайд 17

4. Graphic Characteristics of the Syllable.
Division of words into syllables in

writing (syllabographs) is based on
1). morphological principles:
the part of a word which is separated, should be either a prefix, or a suffix, or a root (morphograph).
e.g. speak-ing, utter-ance, un-known

2). syllabic structure of words
e.g. un-pre-ce-den-ted

3). the meaning of words
e.g. house-work, spot-light

Слайд 18

Structural properties of the syllable
A syllable may be formed by

:
a vowel (V)
a vowel and a consonant (VC)
a consonant and a sonorant (CS)

Слайд 19

Unlike the Russian language some consonants in English may form syllables:
in

unstressed final position preceded by a noise consonant [l],[m],[n] become syllabic
E.g. little ['lItl]
blossom ['blPsm]
garden ['gRdn]

Слайд 20

Types of syllabic structure
V – fully open
VC – finally closed
CV –

initially covered
CVC – fully closed

Слайд 21

Examples of English syllable types:
V – fully open → / E:

/ err
VC – finally closed → / It / it
CV – initially covered → /nqV/ no
CVC – fully closed → /nqVt/ note

Слайд 22

Give examples of different types of syllables:
CVC
CVCC
CVCCC
CCCVC
CVCCCC

Слайд 23

The number of syllables in the English word can vary from

one to eight :

/ bPks / box
/ 'sItI / city
/ 'fxmIlI / family
/ sIm'plIsItI / simplicity
/ 'An'nxCqrqlI / unnaturally
/ 'InkPm"pxtI'bIlItI / incompatibility
/ 'AnIn"telIGI'bIlItI / unintelligibility

Презентация к уроку английского языка "Theory of Phonology" - скачать

Содержание

The SyllablePlan:The Syllable as a phonetic and phonological unit. Theories of

Do such words asfiremeal schismhave one syllable or two?

Where is the boundary between the syllables in the wordmasterma-stermas-termast-ter?

1. The Phonetic Syllable. The stream of speech is characterized by

A hierarchy of English sounds according to their degree of sonority.Vowels

2. The Phonological syllable.The syllable is defined as the lowest phonological

The syllable may be defined as a segment of speech containing

2. Theories of Syllable Formation & Syllable DivisionThe vowel theory. There

Scale of SonorityLow vowels /a:, O:, P, x/Mid vowels /e, E:,

3. Functional Characteristics of the Syllable. As a phonological unit the syllable

Constitutive functionSyllables constitute words, phrases and sentences through the combination of

Distinctive & Differentiatory FunctionIs revealed through the phenomenon of “juncture”. Close

Mark the type of juncture in:a nationan Asian it swings its

American scientists H.A. Gleanson, L.S. Harris, K. PikeConsider the open juncture

Identificatory FunctionThis function is conditioned by the pronunciation of the speaker.The

4. Graphic Characteristics of the Syllable. Division of words into syllables in

Structural properties of the syllable A syllable may be formed by

Unlike the Russian language some consonants in English may form syllables:in

Types of syllabic structureV – fully openVC – finally closedCV –

Examples of English syllable types:V – fully open → / E:

Give examples of different types of syllables:CVCCVCCCVCCCCCCVCCVCCCC