THE TO-INFINITIVE OR –ING FORM GRAMMAR REFERENCES Balabanova Olga, school N 6, Apatity

Август 25, 2022

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THE TO-INFINITIVE OR –ING FORM GRAMMAR REFERENCES Balabanova Olga, school N 6, Apatity

Содержание

2. to - infinitive The to-infinitive is used 1.To express purpose. He went to university to become
3. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 2. after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope,
4. to- infinitive The to-infinitive is used 3. after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry etc). She was
5. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 4. After I would like/would love/ would prefer to
6. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 5. After certain nouns. What a surprise to see
7. to - infinitive The to-infinitive is used 6. After too/enough constructions He’s too young to have
8. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 7. With: it + be + adjective (+ of
9. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 8. With so+adjective+as. Would you be so kind as
10. to - infinitive The to-infinitive is used 9. With “only” to express an unsatisfactory result. She
11. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 10. After: be + the first/second etc/next/last/best etc. He
12. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 11. In the expression: for + noun/pronoun + to
13. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used 12. In expressions such as: to tell you the
14. to – infinitive The to-infinitive is used Note: If two infinitives are joined by “and” or
15. The –ing form is used 1. After certain verbs (admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay,
16. - Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing The -ing form is used 2.
17. - Ing - ing - ing -ing - ing The –ing form is used 3. After:
18. - Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing The –ing form is used 4.
19. - Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing The –ing form is used 5.
20. - Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing The –ing form is used 6.
21. Ing - ing - ing - - ing - ing The –ing form is used 7.
22. - Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing The –ing form is used 8.
23. hear, listen , see, watch But: hear, listen, see, watch + infinitive without “to” express a
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Слайд 2

to - infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
1.To express purpose.
He went to university

to become a lawyer. (in order to become)

Слайд 3

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
2. after certain verbs (agree,

appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse etc).
He refused to pay the bill.

Слайд 4

to- infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
3. after certain adjectives (happy, glad, sorry

etc).
She was happy to win the prize.

Слайд 5

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
4. After I would like/would

love/ would prefer to express specific preference.
I’d like to see the manager.

Слайд 6

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
5. After certain nouns.
What a

surprise to see him there!

Слайд 7

to - infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
6. After too/enough constructions
He’s too young

to have his own car.
He’s clever enough to do the crossword.
He’s got enough money to live on.

Слайд 8

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
7. With: it + be

+ adjective (+ of + noun/pronoun).
It was generous of him to offer 1000$.

Слайд 9

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
8. With so+adjective+as.
Would you be

so kind as to help me move the sofa?

Слайд 10

to - infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
9. With “only” to express an

unsatisfactory result.
She came in only to find Bob had left.

Слайд 11

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
10. After: be + the

first/second etc/next/last/best etc.
He was the last to come to work.

Слайд 12

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
11. In the expression: for

+ noun/pronoun + to –inf.
For him to be so rude was unforgivable.

Слайд 13

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
12. In expressions such as:

to tell you the truth, to begin with, to be honest etc.
To be honest, I don’t like him.

Слайд 14

to – infinitive
The to-infinitive is used
Note: If two infinitives are

joined by “and” or “or”, the “to” of the second infinitive can be omitted.
I want to call Mr Jones and fax or post him a letter.

Слайд 15

The –ing form is used
1. After certain verbs (admit, anticipate, appreciate,

avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go(physical activities), imagine, involve, keep,(=continue), mention, mind, miss, object to, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand suggest, tolerate, understand etc).
They discussed selling the company.
Let’s go jogging!
I’d rather go sailing.

Слайд 16

- Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing
The -ing

form is used
2. After: dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer to express general preference.
She dislikes painting. (In general)
Note: Like + to-inf = it’s good idea
I like to wash my hair every day

Слайд 17

- Ing - ing - ing -ing - ing
The –ing

form is used
3. After: I’m busy, It’s no use, It’s (no) good, It’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, can’t help, there is no point (in), can’t stand, have difficulty (in), in addition to, as well as, have trouble, have a hard/difficult time.
He can’t stand being treated like a slave.
He had difficulty finding his way back.

Слайд 18

- Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing
The

–ing form is used
4. After: spend/waste (time, money etc).
He spends his free time (in) digging the garden.

Слайд 19

- Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing
The

–ing form is used
5. After prepositions.
He left the shop without paying so he was accused of stealing.

Слайд 20

- Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing
The

–ing form is used
6. As a noun.
Walking is good exercise.

Слайд 21

Ing - ing - ing - - ing - ing
The

–ing form is used
7. After: look forward to, be/get used to, be/get accustomed to, object to, admit (to) etc.
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Слайд 22

- Ing - ing - ing - ing - ing
The

–ing form is used
8. After: hear, listen, notice, see, watch to express an incomplete action, an action in progress or a long action.
I saw Tim doing his homework. ( I saw part of the action in progress. I did not wait until he had finished.)

Слайд 23

hear, listen , see, watch
But: hear, listen, see, watch

+ infinitive without “to” express a complete action, something that one saw or heard from begging to end.
I saw Tim do his homework. It took him an hour. (I saw the whole action from beginning to end.)