Translation of modal verbs

CAN

Meanings

1. Ability
E.g.: We can discuss your paper after lunch.
Мы можем

Meanings

2. Possibility due to circumstances
E.g.: You can see the forest

Meanings

3. Permission
E.g.: Can I use your car?
Можно мне взять твою машину?
4.

Meanings

5. Improbability
E.g.: It can’t be true
Вряд ли это так; Это не

Meanings

7. Set phrases
E.g.: She couldn’t help laughing
Она не смогла удержаться от

Определите функцию модального глагола can

He can read a little French.
Could the

Определите функцию модального глагола can

He can read a little French. -

MAY

Meanings

Supposition implying uncertainty
E.g.: He may be busy getting ready for his

Meanings

2. Possibility due to circumstances
E.g.: You may order a taxi by

Meanings

3. Permission
E.g.: May I smoke here?
Здесь разрешено курить?
You may smoke in

Meanings

4. Disapproval or reproach (only might in affirmative sentences)
E.g.: You might

Set phrases

I may as well take the child with me
Пожалуй, будет

Определите функцию модального глагола may

He may not be at home.
She

Определите функцию модального глагола may

He may not be at home.

CAN and MAY compared

CAN

Possibility due to circumstances
In all kinds of sentences
E.g.:

CAN and MAY compared

CAN

3) Could + the Perfect Infinitive = action

MUST

Meaning

Obligation
E.g.: You must talk to your daughter!
Ты должен поговорить со своей

Meaning

3. Emphatic advice (affirmative and negative sentences)
E.g.: You mustn’t miss the

Использование вида глаголов при переводе

Совершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:
1. must

Использование вида глаголов при переводе

Несовершенный вид используется при переводе конструкций:
1. must

Set phrases

He must needs go there
Он непременно должен пойти туда
I must

Определите функцию модального глагола must

You must talk to your boss.
You must

Определите функцию модального глагола must

You must talk to your boss. -

MUST and MAY compared

MUST

Supposition implying strong probability
E.g.: He always comes at

HAVE TO

Meanings

Obligation or necessity imposed by circumstances (in all kinds of

Meanings

2) In negative sentences - absence of necessity
E.g.: You don’t

Set phrase

Had better
E.g.: A storm is coming. We’d better take shelter
Приближается

TO BE TO

Meanings

A previously arranged plan or obligation resulting from it (in

Meanings

2) Orders and instructions (in reported speech)
E.g.: Norman says I

Meanings

3) Destiny
E.g.: He was to be my teacher and friend

Set phrases
What am I to do?
Что мне делать? Как мне быть?
What

OUGHT TO

Meanings

Obligation + advice, desire
E.g.: You ought to see a doctor
Тебе следует

Meanings

2) Supposition implying strong probability
E.g.: I’m sorry. I oughtn’t to have

SHALL

Meanings

Obligation (formal)
E.g.: The date of delivery shall be considered…
Датой поставки считается…

SHOULD

Meanings

Obligation + advice
E.g.: Should I talk to him about it?
Стоит мне

Интересные случаи употребления

Why should I do it?
С какой стати я буду

Интересные случаи употребления
That it should come to this!
И до чего дошло

Should, ought to, was/were to + Perfect Infinitive

Should + Perfect Infinitive
Ought

WILL

Meanings

Supposition (2nd and 3rd persons)
Will + the Simple Infinitive = present

Meanings

2) About sth that happens as a rule
E.g.: Boys will be

WOULD

Meanings

1) Something was to be expected (in affirmative and negative sentences)
E.g.:

Meanings

3) Set phrases
a) Would … mind (in interrogative and negative sentences)

WILL
and WOULD

Meanings

1) Habitual or recurrent actions
E.g.: She will (would) sit for hours

Meanings

3) Failure to perform immediate functions
E.g.: The door won’t (wouldn’t) open
Дверь

NEED

Meanings

Necessity
a) Need + the simple infinitive = present or future
E.g.:

Shouldn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t + Perfect infinitive

Shouldn’t + Perfect infinitive, Oughtn’t +

DARE

Meanings

Have courage (In exclamations and negative sentences)
E.g.: How dare you say