TV news newsgathering

Июль 31, 2022

Содержание

2. NEWSGATHERING: SOURCES News Agencies Own Reporters plus stringer Press releases / VNRs Press Conferences Public Relations
3. NEWS AGENCIES. These organizations sell their stories to news producers Worldwide (AP is a co-op). Each
4. WORLDWIDE TV NEWS AGENCIES The following are specialist TV news agencies that developed from traditional press
5. NEWS AGENDA: News Categories HARD NEWS Politics Economy Foreign Affairs Home Affairs Disasters SOFT NEWS Human
6. THE NEWS PROCESS 1 Producing a news program means defining and predicting the news. Editors (editorial
7. THE NEWS PROCESS 2 Editorial meeting & rough running order Editorial conference about news agenda (9am)
8. THE NEWS PROCESS 3 Anchors prepare and rehearse scripts Assistant producers write final scripts Program is
9. NEWS VALUES 1: Galtung & Ruge 1973 Immediacy: Has it happened recently? Familiarity: Is it culturally
10. NEWS VALUES 2: Jeremy Tunstall 1971 Galtung & Ruge’s news values primarily deal with news stories
11. NEWS VALUES 3: Dennis McShane 1979 Dennis McShane identifieds the following 5 criteria as being used
12. NEWS VALUES: Time, Economics & Ratings Time: Only a certain number of stories can be covered
13. NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 1 Gatekeeping was a term coined by Galtung & Ruge to refer to
14. NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 2 Everyone involved in the creation of TV news acts as a gatekeeper
15. NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 3 News agendas vary in different TV news shows. CNN and most American
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Слайд 2

NEWSGATHERING: SOURCES
News Agencies
Own Reporters plus stringer
Press releases / VNRs
Press Conferences
Public Relations

(PR) Companies
Institutions: university, L3, chamber of commerce, etc.
Organizations (CAB, Lions Club, Red Hat Society)
Local government
Anniversary Stories
Court cases or Trials
Other Media News. Newspapers, Twitter etc. (legal)

Слайд 3

NEWS AGENCIES.
These organizations sell their stories to news producers
Worldwide (AP

is a co-op). Each agency has their own reporters, photographers and broadcast crews. The Associated Press transmits thousands of stories and hundreds of pictures every day. They have both footage and edited packages ready for transmission.
Associated Press (International organization)
Reuters (International organization)
United Press International (International organization)
CNN – different relationship
Network relationship—CBS, ABC, NBC

Слайд 4

WORLDWIDE TV NEWS AGENCIES
The following are specialist TV news agencies
that developed

from traditional press based
agencies. These are dominated by western
based companies whose values are rooted in
British and American ideologies. So is
international news guilty of media imperialism?
Reuters TV
BBC News
APTN Associated Press Television News
CNN

Слайд 5

NEWS AGENDA: News Categories
HARD NEWS
Politics
Economy
Foreign Affairs
Home Affairs
Disasters
SOFT NEWS
Human Interest
Entertainment
Sport
How news producers

construct & prioritize news stories and set their own news agenda

Слайд 6

THE NEWS PROCESS 1
Producing a news program means defining and predicting

the news. Editors (editorial staff not video editors) will be overseeing the planning and preparation of the news all day long with their team.
What follows is an example of a typical day. BUT remember a late breaking important story can mean all the planning goes out of the window and everything has to change to roll with the news story OR new developments.

Слайд 7

THE NEWS PROCESS 2
Editorial meeting & rough running order
Editorial conference about

news agenda (9am)
News stories assigned researcher & reporters briefed
Crews sent out to start news gathering
Graphics and studio work organized
Video editors & producers prepare short items
Producer oversees rundown and assignment development
Assistant Producers write up stories
Library researchers get back up footage for stories
Video editors produce news packages for days stories

Слайд 8

THE NEWS PROCESS 3
Anchors prepare and rehearse scripts
Assistant producers write final

scripts
Program is rehearsed & final story selection made
Prompter script is finalized
VTR inserts / video files are cued up / set up
Producer & studio director can change rundown
Anchors have to be able to change running order
Director oversees process in control room
Crew: TD, server, Audio, prompter, graphics

Слайд 9

NEWS VALUES 1: Galtung & Ruge 1973
Immediacy: Has it happened recently?
Familiarity:

Is it culturally close to us?
Amplitude: Is it a big event that affects large numbers?
Frequency: Does the event happen often?
Unambiguity: Is it clear and definite?
Predictability: Did we expect it to happen?
Surprise: Is it rare or unexpected event?
Continuity: Has it previously been defined as news?
Prominent Nations/People: Big countries or celebrities?
Personalization: Is it a human interest story?
Negativity: Is it bad news?
Balance: ”and finally” fun story to balance bad news…

Слайд 10

NEWS VALUES 2: Jeremy Tunstall 1971
Galtung & Ruge’s news values primarily

deal with news
stories in newspapers but can be applied to TV news also.
Tunstall took a step further and argued that the following
factors also greatly shaped TV News.
Importance of the visual. If good footage is available the story may become more important in TV news agenda.
News stories with “own reporters” conducting IV’s or commentating are preferred.
TV News covers far fewer stories than newspapers. The stories are also shorter and generally in less depth.
Hard news or sound bite is preferred.

Слайд 11

NEWS VALUES 3: Dennis McShane 1979
Dennis McShane identifieds the following 5
criteria

as being used by journalists in their
selection of news stories.
Conflict.
Hardship & Danger to the Community.
The Unusual.
Scandal.
Individualism.

Слайд 12

NEWS VALUES: Time, Economics & Ratings
Time: Only a certain number of

stories can be covered in a 30 minute news program. So decisions have to be made which are not only due to news values but economics and ratings. News is rarely allowed to overrun.
Economics: It is impossible to have a news crew at every story across the world. TV News is expensive to make so resources have to be allocated carefully.
Ratings: Are important to broadcasters and it is essential that the news can hold or even attract an audience. ‘sweeps’

Слайд 13

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 1
Gatekeeping was a term coined by Galtung &

Ruge to refer to the decisions made by news producers when selecting or rejecting potential news stories.
A select few people are shaping the news stories that are reported daily to millions of audience members and they are shaping and determining what is news.
Consider why some events, issues of groups are presented in particular ways such as illegal immigrants. Also why some message and ideological views are rarely seen or heard on the news….

Слайд 14

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 2
Everyone involved in the creation of TV news

acts as a gatekeeper in some way as creating representations while they re-present the news. This includes producers, camera-people and also video editors etc. Their decisions depend upon the following.
The news values of the institution
The news values and priority of them to the show
The expectations of their audience
Their own ideological values
Their education, class and upbringing

Слайд 15

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 3
News agendas vary in different TV news shows.

CNN and most American mainstream ‘news’ has a liberal slant.
Stuart Hood (1972) argues that the majority of media gatekeepers practice “middle-class consensus politics” that affects their news agenda decisions.
Noam Chomsky argued for what he called the Propaganda Model of news – news agencies follow a particular pattern that reinforces the views of the ‘elite’ and provides ‘emotionally potent simplification’ to the mass audience that does not understand or care about ‘power’ – they are all ‘sheep’

TV news newsgathering

Содержание

NEWSGATHERING: SOURCESNews AgenciesOwn Reporters plus stringerPress releases / VNRsPress ConferencesPublic Relations

NEWS AGENCIES.These organizations sell their stories to news producers Worldwide (AP

WORLDWIDE TV NEWS AGENCIESThe following are specialist TV news agenciesthat developed

NEWS AGENDA: News CategoriesHARD NEWSPoliticsEconomyForeign AffairsHome AffairsDisastersSOFT NEWSHuman InterestEntertainmentSportHow news producers

THE NEWS PROCESS 1Producing a news program means defining and predicting

THE NEWS PROCESS 2Editorial meeting & rough running orderEditorial conference about

THE NEWS PROCESS 3Anchors prepare and rehearse scriptsAssistant producers write final

NEWS VALUES 1: Galtung & Ruge 1973Immediacy: Has it happened recently?Familiarity:

NEWS VALUES 2: Jeremy Tunstall 1971Galtung & Ruge’s news values primarily

NEWS VALUES 3: Dennis McShane 1979Dennis McShane identifieds the following 5criteria

NEWS VALUES: Time, Economics & RatingsTime: Only a certain number of

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 1Gatekeeping was a term coined by Galtung &

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 2Everyone involved in the creation of TV news

NEWS VALUES: GATEKEEPING 3News agendas vary in different TV news shows.

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