Mongolian invasion XIII century

Июль 31, 2022

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Mongolian invasion XIII century

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2. Genghis Khan (May 3, 1155(or 1162) – August 18, 1227) was a Mongol Khan, founder of
3. At the kurultai in 1206, Temujin was proclaimed as the Great Khan (Genghis-Khan) over all the
4. Social order in the Mongol Empire At the same time, a new law Yasa was issued.
5. Social order in the Mongol Empire Genghiz Khan single-handed (единолично) ruled the Empire. He was surrounded
6. He has divided Mongolia into three military-administrative uluses – the Right wing (Barungar), the Left wing
7. Mongolian invasion to Kazakhstan Having conquered neighboring countries Genghiz Khan directed military forces to the Central
8. “Otyrar accident” In 1218, it was specially sent Mongolian trading caravan (450 people) to Zhetysu. The
10. During 1219-1224, Kazakhstan and the Central Asia fully occupied by the Mongols. Mongol invasion was one
11. Founding of Uluses Genghiz Khan divided all conquered territory among his 4 sons. The land of
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Genghis Khan (May 3, 1155(or 1162) – August 18, 1227) was

a Mongol Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, the organizer of the conquests in Asia and Eastern Europe, the great reformer and a unifier of Mongolia. Direct descendants of Genghis Khan are Genghisids.
Real name is Temujin.

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At the kurultai in 1206, Temujin was proclaimed as the Great

Khan (Genghis-Khan) over all the Mongolian tribes. Warring Mongol nomadic tribes have unified together in a single State under his rule.

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Social order in the Mongol Empire
At the same time, a new

law Yasa was issued. It was the law on mutual aid (взаимная помощь) during war.
Yasa consisted of two parts:
The words of edification (слова назидания) of Genghis Khan
The general laws on civil and military affairs.
Those who violated (нарушать) the Yasa, has been strictly punished.

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Social order in the Mongol Empire
Genghiz Khan single-handed (единолично) ruled the

Empire. He was surrounded with people who knew writing and foreign languages. He divided the Empire into 95 administrative districts (Tumen). Each of tumens consisted of 10 thousand soldiers.

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He has divided Mongolia into three military-administrative uluses – the Right

wing (Barungar), the Left wing (Jongar) and the Central wing (Kul).

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Mongolian invasion to Kazakhstan
Having conquered neighboring countries Genghiz Khan directed military

forces to the Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
He very carefully prepared for these campaigns.
Through the merchants (торговцы) he collected information about the political situation in Kazakhstan.

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“Otyrar accident”
In 1218, it was specially sent Mongolian trading caravan (450

people) to Zhetysu. The Governor of Otyrar Kair khan understood about Genghis Khan’s plan and attacked the caravan.
This was the reason for the invasion of Genghis Khan on the territory of Kazakhstan.
In 1219, the Mongol 150 thousand strong army went towards Syr-Darya. People of Otyrar resisted (сопротивляться) during 6 months. But in the end, one of the military opened town gates and the Mongols destroyed Otyrar.

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During 1219-1224, Kazakhstan and the Central Asia fully occupied by the

Mongols. Mongol invasion was one of the great disasters in the history of Kazakhstan. Before the Mongol invasion there were more than 200 towns and villages on the territory of Kazakhstan, while after the invasion there remained only about 20 cities. The most important thing was that ethnic composition (этнический состав) of the Kazakhstan population has been changed and the formation of the Kazakh nation has stopped.

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Founding of Uluses
Genghiz Khan divided all conquered territory among his 4

sons. The land of Kazakhstan fully belonged to his three sons – Jochi, Chagatay, Ugedei.
These lands were called ulus.
The land from the Irtysh River to Eastern Europe were part of the ulus of Jochi.
The southern and South-Eastern lands of Kazakhstan entered the ulus of Chagatai.
Land of Western Mongolia, Altai and Tarbagatai entered the ulus of Ugedei.