Architecture of Kazakhstan in IV-IX c.BC

Июль 26, 2022

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Architecture of Kazakhstan in IV-IX c.BC

Содержание

2. Mobile dwelling (prototypes of Kazakh kiiz-ui) Scythian and Sarmatian conical tent (square in plan) with walls
3. Urbanism and memorial architecture of Hunnu (II BC – IV AD) were discovered on the territory
4. Towns of Hunnu
5. Noin-Ula and Golmod barrows (Mongolia)
6. Turkic kaganate (551-603)
7. Eastern Turkic kaganate (603-628, 678-745)
8. Western Turkic kaganate (603-657)
9. An Ancient Turkic entombment
10. Memorial hendges of Turks
12. The Jaisan sanctuary (VIII, Shu area of Jambyl region) Square of complex – 77 000 ha
13. The Jaisan sanctuary’s reconstruction
14. Elaphine (deer’s) stones
15. Tashtyk archaeological culture
16. Memorial-and-cult ensembles of Ancient Turks Located on watershed of Orhon, Tola rivers (Mongolia), in Eastern Kazakhstan
17. The Bugut memorial (Central Mongolia, Arhangai aimak) Sides 55х40m, Stele was inside a Temple, to which
18. The Bugut stele (582) Height 1,98m, width – 0,7m, thickness - 0,2m On 3 sides of
19. The Kul-Tegin memorial (Central Mongolia, Kosho-Zaidam valley) General sizes 82,4х48m, sizes of platform - 70х35m, of
20. Stele of Kul-Tegin (732) Height is 3,15m, width is 1,24m, thickness is 0,42m On 3 sides
21. Sculptures of Kul-Tegin memorial
22. The Bilge-kagan memorial (Central Mongolia, Kosho-Zaidam valley) General sides are150х110 m Ditch Bank Altar (cube) Stone
23. The Bilge-kagan memorial. Silver and gold works
24. The Bilge-kagan memorial. Golden crown
25. The Bilge-kagan memorial. Constructional details of Temple: bricks and tiles
26. The Tonyukuk memorial (Central Mongolia, Central aimak) General sizes are 57х41m Bank Ritual path Brick field
27. Steles of Tonyukuk (716) The Big - 2,25 х 0,5 х 0,2 m, the Small –
28. The Tonyukuk memorial’s reconstruction (by N.E. Novgorodova)
29. An ancient Turkic sculpture (Shavet-Ulan complex)
30. An ancient Turkic memorial of Eastern Kazakhstan Located in Eleke sazy valley, under Kargoba-2 river, Tarbagatai
31. Towns of Kazakhstan in IV-IX c. AD Suyab, Isfidzhab (Sayram), Farab, Shavgar (Southern Kazakhstan), Taraz, Kulan
32. Babish-mulla-2 settlement Located in Syrdarya valley sizes are about 60х80m There is mausoleum with vaults Floor
33. Juan-tobe settlement (VII, Southern Kazakhstan) Was built on oaken clay (pakhsa) platform (height is 16m) Size
34. Towns of Syrdarya valley
35. Jankent is a capital of Oguzs (VIII-IX, Kazaly area of Kyzylorda region)
36. Jankent settlement Size 325 х 400m Vallum was reinforced by semicylindrical towers There are citadel, homestead,
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Слайд 2

Mobile dwelling (prototypes of Kazakh kiiz-ui)
Scythian and Sarmatian conical tent (square in

plan) with walls like stockade;
The Hunnu’s shelter with helmet-like form (circle in plan) with walls were made of interlaced willow wickers;
Turkic dwelling with cylindric frame and spherical dome

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Urbanism and memorial architecture of Hunnu (II BC – IV AD)
were

discovered on the territory of Mongolia (Ivolgin site, Bayan-Unger, Gua-Dov, Tereljiyn-Dereveljiyn, Bars-hot) and Hakassia (Tashebine townlet under Abakan).
Strongholds (including citadel) with rectangular and square plans
Entombments (Noin-Ula and Golmod barrows) – wooden tombs (rectangular plan) with sarcophaguses and rich inventory

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Towns of Hunnu

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Noin-Ula and Golmod barrows (Mongolia)

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Turkic kaganate (551-603)

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Eastern Turkic kaganate (603-628, 678-745)

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Western Turkic kaganate (603-657)

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An Ancient Turkic entombment

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Memorial hendges of Turks

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The Jaisan sanctuary (VIII, Shu area of Jambyl region)
Square of complex

– 77 000 ha
Ensemble consist of raw of sacramental stone enclosures, stone sculptures, obsequial barrows

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The Jaisan sanctuary’s reconstruction

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Elaphine (deer’s) stones

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Tashtyk archaeological culture

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Memorial-and-cult ensembles of Ancient Turks
Located on watershed of Orhon, Tola rivers

(Mongolia), in Eastern Kazakhstan
Have character of funeral memorial (without synchronous burials)
Consists of Temples, Pile fields, Steles with inscriptions, anthropomorphous and zoomorphous sculptures, Balbals
Steles with ancient Turkic, Sogdian, Uigurian, Chinese and Sanscrit inscriptions

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The Bugut memorial (Central Mongolia, Arhangai aimak)
Sides 55х40m, Stele was inside a

Temple, to which the range of 264 Balbals were extend
Bank
Ritual path
Platform
Stone peribolos
Temple’s ruins
Basements of wooden pillar
Balbals

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The Bugut stele (582)
Height 1,98m, width – 0,7m, thickness - 0,2m
On

3 sides of stele there are Sogdian inscriptions by Sogdian language, on 4th side – Brakhmi inscription by Sanscrit language
On the top of Stele – figure of Walf (Turkic totem)

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The Kul-Tegin memorial (Central Mongolia, Kosho-Zaidam valley)
General sizes 82,4х48m, sizes of platform

- 70х35m, of temple - 13х13m
Temple has double brick walls, 16 wooden columns inside with granite basis
Walls were lime washed and covered by vermeil paint
Walls of interior were decorated by multicolored floral ornamentation
Façade was dressed by ceramic plates with figures of dragons

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Stele of Kul-Tegin (732)
Height is 3,15m, width is 1,24m, thickness is

0,42m
On 3 sides of stele there are Turkic inscriptions, on 4th side – Chinese inscription
Platform of Stele – figure of stone tortoise

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Sculptures of Kul-Tegin memorial

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The Bilge-kagan memorial (Central Mongolia, Kosho-Zaidam valley)
General sides are150х110 m
Ditch
Bank
Altar

(cube)
Stone peribolos, place of the Sacred Tree
Outside walls of temple
Bypassed corridor
Inside walls of temple
Stone of Sacrifice
Sculptures of Bilge-kagan and his wife Bubu-begim
Anthropomorphous sculptures
Tortoise
Stone rams
Head Balbal
Platform

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The Bilge-kagan memorial. Silver and gold works

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The Bilge-kagan memorial. Golden crown

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The Bilge-kagan memorial. Constructional details of Temple: bricks and tiles

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The Tonyukuk memorial (Central Mongolia, Central aimak)
General sizes are 57х41m
Bank
Ritual

path
Brick field
Temple (12х10m)
The Big stele
The Small stele
Head balbal
balbals
platform

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Steles of Tonyukuk (716)
The Big - 2,25 х 0,5 х 0,2

m, the Small – 2 х 0,4 х 0,2 m
Without plinth (laid in ground)
All inscriptions on Ancient Turk language

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The Tonyukuk memorial’s reconstruction (by N.E. Novgorodova)

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An ancient Turkic sculpture (Shavet-Ulan complex)

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An ancient Turkic memorial of Eastern Kazakhstan
Located in Eleke sazy valley,

under Kargoba-2 river, Tarbagatai mounts, in 70 km of Aksuat habitation
Consists of 2 parts: square with stone barrow and rectangular parts (enter)

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Towns of Kazakhstan in IV-IX c. AD
Suyab, Isfidzhab (Sayram), Farab, Shavgar

(Southern Kazakhstan), Taraz, Kulan (Southern Kazakhstan, Zhetysu)
Three-part structure: Arc (a citadel with the palace of the governor), Shakhristan (the internal city), Rabat (suburb)
Mud houses one - two-room (with the storeroom); in the center – the floor fireplace, along walls - sufa

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Babish-mulla-2 settlement
Located in Syrdarya valley sizes are about 60х80m
There is mausoleum

with vaults
Floor were paved by hard-burned brick and colored checkered by red and white paint; walls were plastered

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Juan-tobe settlement (VII, Southern Kazakhstan)
Was built on oaken clay (pakhsa) platform

(height is 16m)
Size of the upper pace is 85х75m
Was cult center

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Towns of Syrdarya valley

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Jankent is a capital of Oguzs (VIII-IX, Kazaly area of Kyzylorda

region)

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Jankent settlement
Size 325 х 400m
Vallum was reinforced by semicylindrical towers
There

are citadel, homestead, sanctuary

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Architecture of Kazakhstan in IV-IX c.BC

Содержание

Mobile dwelling (prototypes of Kazakh kiiz-ui)Scythian and Sarmatian conical tent (square in

Urbanism and memorial architecture of Hunnu (II BC – IV AD)were

Towns of Hunnu

Noin-Ula and Golmod barrows (Mongolia)

Turkic kaganate (551-603)

Eastern Turkic kaganate (603-628, 678-745)

Western Turkic kaganate (603-657)

An Ancient Turkic entombment

Memorial hendges of Turks

The Jaisan sanctuary (VIII, Shu area of Jambyl region)Square of complex

The Jaisan sanctuary’s reconstruction

Elaphine (deer’s) stones

Tashtyk archaeological culture

Memorial-and-cult ensembles of Ancient TurksLocated on watershed of Orhon, Tola rivers

The Bugut memorial (Central Mongolia, Arhangai aimak)Sides 55х40m, Stele was inside a

The Bugut stele (582)Height 1,98m, width – 0,7m, thickness - 0,2mOn

The Kul-Tegin memorial (Central Mongolia, Kosho-Zaidam valley)General sizes 82,4х48m, sizes of platform

Stele of Kul-Tegin (732)Height is 3,15m, width is 1,24m, thickness is