For classroom G5951 DC fundamentals

Содержание

Слайд 2

DC motor: Introduction Design Physical way a DC motor works and

DC motor:
Introduction
Design
Physical way a DC motor works and equations
Characteristics of a

DC drives
DC drive:
General Layout
Armature converter and commutation chokes
Converter current, calculations and discontinuous current
Operating mode and control structure

July 15, 2020

Slide

Content

Слайд 3

Introduction DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide DC motors are well

Introduction

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

DC motors are well known for
Full torque

from zero speed
Wide field weakening range
Excellent control behavior
Correlation for motor control
Torque: Field current and Armature current
Power: Armature voltage and current
DC motors have half size compared to Standard AC motors

DC motor highlights

Слайд 4

Introduction DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Torque and power compared

Introduction

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Torque and power compared to motor size

Power

is equal

Torque is equal

P = 11 kW n = 1140 min-1 M = 76 Nm

P = 11 kW n = 960 min-1 M = 110 Nm

P = 11 kW n = 730 min-1 M = 150 Nm

P = 22 kW n = 1440 min-1 M = 150 Nm

P = 15 kW n = 960 min-1 M = 150 Nm

P = 11 kW n = 730 min-1 M = 150 Nm

Слайд 5

Design - Stator of a DC machine DC motor July 15,

Design - Stator of a DC machine

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Stator

is the stationary part
Main poles as field winding
Further windings
Interpole
Compensation
eliminate un-wanted effects

4 poles stator

Слайд 6

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Stator of

a 2 pole machine
Pole windings
Transfer magnetic principle to a DC machine
Field winding generates an electro-magnetic field

Magnetic field in a DC machine

Слайд 7

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Conductors have

to be implemented
Current in conductors is required
Force transferred to torque

Brushes

Rotation motion and torque

Слайд 8

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Inductance in

armature circuit affect the electro-magnetic-field
Interpole windings generate an opposite field
Smoother commutation

Interpole windings

Слайд 9

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Interpole windings

neutralize flux in rotor
Second unwanted flux in the poles
Uncompensated behavior

Reaction inside the poles

Слайд 10

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Neutralizes effect

of unwanted flux
Windings carry rotor current
Operation at higher loads

Effect of compensation windings

Слайд 11

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Compensation winding

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Compensation winding

Слайд 12

Physical way a DC motor works DC motor July 15, 2020

Physical way a DC motor works

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Field winding
Create

electro-magnetic field
Used for flux
Interpole winding
Prevent uneven field
Compensation winding
Prevents magnetic saturation
Increases field weakening range

Sum up windings

Слайд 13

Design DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Shaft as center axis

Design

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Shaft as center axis
Armature winding
Commutator connected with

windings

Rotor of a DC machine

Слайд 14

Design DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Commutator is used to

Design

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Commutator is used to transfer energy
Fins are

connected with windings
Brushes provide electrical contact
Neutral zone is perpendicular to main field

Commutator of a DC machine

Слайд 15

Equations DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Field circuit Armature circuit Circuit diagram Equations:

Equations

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Field circuit
Armature circuit

Circuit diagram

Equations:

Слайд 16

Drive’s characteristics DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Characteristic of a

Drive’s characteristics

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Characteristic of a DC machine

Field

weakening factor:

Commutation limit

Слайд 17

Compact DC machine (ABB DMI) – inculding terminals DC motor July

Compact DC machine (ABB DMI) – inculding terminals

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide


Used as motor or generator

Слайд 18

ABB DMI motors DC motor July 15, 2020 Slide Air-cooled variant

ABB DMI motors

DC motor

July 15, 2020

Slide

Air-cooled variant
IC 06
IP 23
Water-cooled variant
IC

86W (e.g.)
IP 54 or IP 55

Typical variants

Слайд 19

General Layout DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide General layout Power

General Layout

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

General layout
Power Transformer
Armature circuit
Fuse
Main contactor
Commutation choke
Armature

converter
Field circuit
Fuse
Autotransformer
Contactor
Field exciter

With external field excitation

Слайд 20

Armature Converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide 6-pulse thyristor bridge DC current AC line current

Armature Converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

6-pulse thyristor bridge

DC current

AC line current

Слайд 21

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Voltages Phase voltage

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Voltages
Phase voltage
Phase to phase voltage
Thyristor 1

and 6 are active
Output shows a bubble

Generating output current

Слайд 22

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide 6-pulse thyristor bridge

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

6-pulse thyristor bridge with a load
Firing

sequence:
Thyristor 1 + 6
Thyristor 2 + 1
Thyristor 3 + 2
Thyristor 4 + 3
Thyristor 5 + 4
Thyristor 6 + 5

How works a DC drive

Слайд 23

Armature converter in “driving mode” DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide

Armature converter in “driving mode”

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Positive voltage
Firing angle

smaller than 90°
Minimum firing angle is 15°
Natural firing point is the intersection point between two phases
In this example the thyristor is fired after 30° from natural firing point

Machine works in motor mode

α=30°

Слайд 24

Armature converter in “braking mode” DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide

Armature converter in “braking mode”

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Negative voltage
Firing angle

greater than 90°
Maximum firing angle is 150°

Machine works in regenerative mode

Слайд 25

Armature converter in Shoot-through DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide DC

Armature converter in Shoot-through

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

DC drives are compromised

by shoot-through
Damage fuses
Damage thyristors
Causes of shoot- through
Power failure
Too big firing angles
Working range has to be limited
Typical firing angles are between 15°and 150°

Commutation failure

Слайд 26

Line chokes Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Use

Line chokes

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Use of commutation chokes

Mains

Thyristor bridge

Слайд 27

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Commutation in a

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Commutation in a converter

Commutation from thyristor

to the next
Commutation makes a short circuit
Short circuit of the phase voltage
Short circuit of current
Commutation chokes limits the commutation notches

Phase voltage

Слайд 28

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Commutation chokes limits

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Commutation chokes limits di / dt

during short circuit
Prevent interferences between converters connected on the same line
Each converter gets its own commutation choke!
Reduction of voltage notches on the line below 20%, prevent interference with other equipment
Reduction of maximum output voltage Udx

Purpose of commutation chokes

Слайд 29

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Commutation choke configurations

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Commutation choke configurations

PCC: Point of Common

Coupling

One commutation choke per drive
uK = 1% 40% voltage notches
uK = 4% 20% voltage notches
Separate transformer
uK = 1 … 10%
Solution for an external field excitation
Commutation choke is implemented in field exciter (DCF803-0050 / 804-0050)
Commutation choke is not implemented in field exciter (DCF803-0016, DCF803-0035)

Слайд 30

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Converter current in

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Converter current in a DC drive
Average

current: Id
DC current in one thyristor arm: IV2, IV3, IV4 120° width
AC current in mains IL1, IL2, IL3
120°: Id
60° : 0
Слайд 31

Calculations DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Armature voltage of 2-quadrant

Calculations

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Armature voltage of 2-quadrant drive

2-quadrant drive maximum

motor voltage
Firing angle between 15° and 90°
For example:
Слайд 32

Calculations DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Armature voltage of 4

Calculations

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Armature voltage of 4 quadrant drive

4-quadrant

drive maximum motor voltage
Firing angle between 30° and 150°
For example:
Слайд 33

DC current and AC current Calculations DC drive July 15, 2020

DC current and AC current

Calculations

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Calculate AC

current with a known DC current
Example with a motor load (2Q):
Commutation chokes, cables, contactors and fuses have to be selected depending on RMS values!
Слайд 34

Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Continuous and Discontinuous Armature Current Principle circuit diagram:

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Continuous and Discontinuous Armature Current

Principle circuit

diagram:
Слайд 35

Max. regenerative voltage Armature converter DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide

Max. regenerative voltage

Armature converter

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Usable working range of

a DC drive

There is a limitation in quadrant II and IV
Maximum firing angle 150°
Thyristors needs a circuit commutated recovery time
This reduces the motor voltage in a 4 quadrant drive
2 quadrant drives cannot used for braking in positive speed direction
Motor voltage is greater

II
Braking

I
Driving

III
Driving

IV
Braking

Speed / Voltage

Torque
(current)

Bidge 1

Bridge 2

Слайд 36

Properties and Applications DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide 2-Q or

Properties and Applications

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

2-Q or 4-Q drive?

Properties

2-Quadrant
Driving forward (I)
( Braking reverse (IV) )
Properties 4-Quadrant
Driving forward (I)
Driving reverse (III)
Braking forward (II)
Braking reverse (IV)
Field reversal (? 4-Q)
Only for big drives (> 3000 A)
Slow dynamics

Typical applications for 2-quadrant
Extruder
Mixer (forward)
Pump
Typical applications for 4-quadrant
Sugar centrifuge
Test rigs
Cranes
Winder

Слайд 37

Control structure DC drive July 15, 2020 Slide Diagram

Control structure

DC drive

July 15, 2020

Slide

Diagram

- Предыдущая
Предельные углеводороды
Следующая -
Производство программируемых урожаев овощных культур на Среднем Урале

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