SIW Module: “Respiratory system” Theme: “Respiration at hot climate”

and energy) living organisms and help maintain homeostasis (constant internal environment), receiving from the environment the oxygen (O2) and transferring into the environment in gaseous state some of the metabolic products of the organism (CO2, H2O, and others).

summer) is home to about half of the population. In addition, a significant portion of the population is forced to face the action of high temperatures due to their professional need, migration and living conditions.

volume increase MOD and alveolar ventilation, and the considerable hyperventilation contributes to the washout of CO2, which in turn, moves the blood pH to the alkaline side. In this regard, hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis are the permanent signs of overheating in the human body.
Under conditions of prolonged overheating of the body, the change of pulmonary respiration in humans is reduced to a minimum, because it does not have the mechanism of thermal shortness of breath, so sharply distinct from most mammals and birds. The main load in this case assumes the cardiovascular system, blood, and tissue metabolism.

"core" and "shell" of the body due to the expansion of peripheral blood vessels, predominantly of the skin and vasoconstriction of the splanchnic area (liver, gastrointestinal tract), kidney and skeletal muscle.

simultaneous decrease in O2 delivery to the internal organs with a high level of metabolic processes and short-term reduces the rate of consumption of O2. In the future, the development of circulatory hypoxia of organs and tissues starts a cascade of processes, leading to an increased consumption of O2

kidneys, as well as the stress response with release of catecholamines into the blood
increased activity of biochemical processes with low efficiency and increased heat production
the increase in body temperature to a certain level stimulates gas exchange
increases O2 consumption as a result of enhanced decomposition of makroerges and activation of redox reactions

The scheme of sequential development of the process of increasing consumption of O2 during an acute heat exposure

a comprehensive change in the functioning of the respiratory, cardiovascular system and blood system.
Changes in the functioning of the respiratory system affect the processes of diffusion and transport of gases under thermal influence.
• Diffusion capacity of the lungs by the action of heat for the most part is normal or slightly reduced due to the reduction of blood flow in the lungs.
• The oxygen capacity of hemoglobin and the transport of respiratory gases by the blood remain within normal limits.
• The permeability of the capillaries of peripheral tissues when exposed to heat increases, and a significant expansion and a halfnecrobia they provide increased rate of consumption of O2 tissue "sheath" of heat.• In the core (mainly in the liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys) O2 consumption decreases due to reduced blood flow.

appetite, disorder of the intestine, sleep disorders, reduced resistance to infectious diseases. Marked functional deviations caused by the violation of water-salt exchange. Reduced muscle tone, increased sweating, decreased urination, increase in breathing, pulse, etc.