Asel and Marzhan

Сентябрь 4, 2022

Содержание

2. Plan: Carbohydrates Classification of carbohydrates The biological function of carbohydrates Metabolism of carbohydrates Digestion of carbohydrates
3. What is carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain only oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. They are
4. Classification of carbohydrates
5. MONOsaccharide Monosaccharide are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyze to small molecoles. Monosaccharides containing three (3)
6. Simple sugars
7. Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy acetone are aldotriose and ketotriose are respectively.The phosphorylated forms are metabolic entermediate. H
8. Olisasaccharide Olisaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, which contain more or two to ten residues on hydrolysis. They
9. Disaccharide Disaccharides are formed by the union of two monosaccharide with the elimination of one molecule
10. Disaccharides
11. Polysaccharide Polysaccharide are polymeric anhydrides of monosaccharides. Polysaccharide are of two types based on their function
13. Biological function od carbohydrates Carbohydrates are defined as poly hydroxy alcohols function aldehyde or keto group.
14. Metabolism of carbohydrates METABOLISM The entire spectrum of chemical reactions, occuring in the living system are
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Plan:
Carbohydrates
Classification of carbohydrates
The biological function of carbohydrates
Metabolism of carbohydrates
Digestion of carbohydrates

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What is carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain only oxygen, hydrogen

and carbon. They are made up of joined-up sugars. Sugars have the general formula Cm(H2O)n, and are also known as saccharides.
Certain carbohydrates are an important storage and transport form of energy in most organisms, including plants and animals.

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Classification of carbohydrates

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MONOsaccharide
Monosaccharide are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyze to small molecoles.
Monosaccharides

containing three (3) to seven (7) carbon with functional aldehyde or keto group.
Most common of monosaccharides are
Aldoses- Aldotirose,Aldotetrose,Aldopentose,Aldohexose,Aldoheptose
Ketoses-
Keto tirose, Keto tetrose,Ketopentose, Ketohexose,Ketoheptose

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Simple sugars

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Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy acetone are aldotriose and ketotriose are respectively.The phosphorylated

forms are metabolic entermediate.
H - C = O CH2OH
| |
H – C –OH C = O
| |
CH2OH CH2OH
Glycealdehyde Dihydroxy acetone
Aldepentose and ketopentose are ribose and ribulose respectively. Ribose is contituent of nucleic acids. Ribulosephosphate is metabolic intermadiate.
Monosaccharides- Glocose, galactose, glycerose, erythrose, ribose,ribulose, fructose.

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Olisasaccharide
Olisaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, which contain more or two to ten

residues on hydrolysis. They are classified as disaccharide, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharide.
Olisaccharides- maltose, lactose,sucrose,raffinose,stachyose
Disaccharides consist two monosaccharide on hydrolysis. Disaccharides are of two types-reducing disaccharides(ex. Maltose) and non-reducing disaccharide(ex.sucrose)
Trisaccharide are found in sugar beet and cotton seed.Ex.raffinose
Tetrasaccharide yield four monosaccharide on hydrolysis.Ex. stachyose

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Disaccharide
Disaccharides are formed by the union of two monosaccharide with the

elimination of one molecule of water
General molecular formula is C12H22O11

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Disaccharides

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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide are polymeric anhydrides of monosaccharides. Polysaccharide are of two types

based on their function and composotion. Based on function, polysaccharides of two types storage and structural.
Storage polysaccharides - starch
Structural polysaccharides - cellulose

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Biological function od carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are defined as poly hydroxy alcohols function

aldehyde or keto group.
Function:
1.They are major energy source for man.
2. They function as reserve food material in man and plants.
3.They are components of connective tissues,bone,cartilage,skin, membrane and nerve tissue.
4. They are components of blood group substances,nucleic acids.
5. Carbohydrate derivates are vitamins, antibiotics and drugs.

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Metabolism of carbohydrates
METABOLISM The entire spectrum of chemical reactions, occuring in

the living system are referred as “Metabolism”. Types of metabolic pathways Anabolic pathways: Protein synthesis. Catabolic Pathways: Oxidative phosphorylation. Amphibolic pathways: Citric acid cycle.

Asel and Marzhan

Содержание

Plan:CarbohydratesClassification of carbohydratesThe biological function of carbohydratesMetabolism of carbohydratesDigestion of carbohydrates

What is carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain only oxygen, hydrogen

Classification of carbohydrates

MONOsaccharideMonosaccharide are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyze to small molecoles.Monosaccharides

Simple sugars

Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy acetone are aldotriose and ketotriose are respectively.The phosphorylated

OlisasaccharideOlisaccharides are polymerized monosaccharides, which contain more or two to ten

DisaccharideDisaccharides are formed by the union of two monosaccharide with the

Disaccharides

PolysaccharidePolysaccharide are polymeric anhydrides of monosaccharides. Polysaccharide are of two types

Biological function od carbohydratesCarbohydrates are defined as poly hydroxy alcohols function

Metabolism of carbohydratesMETABOLISM The entire spectrum of chemical reactions, occuring in

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