Содержание
- 2. Lecture’s topics What is organisation structure? What are the basic elements of organisation structure? What are
- 3. Organisation Structure Organisation structure describes the way work is divided, supervised and coordinated.
- 4. Organisation Charts Organisation structure is often represented by an organisation chart – i.e. a chart showing
- 5. An Organisation Chart (example 1)
- 6. An Organisation Chart (example 2)
- 7. Types of structure Formal structure: The official structure of the organisation. The official guidelines, documents or
- 8. Types of structure Informal structure: The unofficial, but often critical, working relationships between organisational members. If
- 9. The Basic Elements of Structure 1. Work specialisation 2. Chain of command 3. Span of control
- 10. Work Specialisation a job is broken down into a number of steps and each step is
- 11. Negative results of work specialisation
- 12. Chain of Command The continuous chain of authority that extends from the highest levels in an
- 13. Chain of Command Early management writers believed that each employee should report to only one manager
- 14. Chain of Command Some concepts closely related to chain of command: Authority Responsibility Accountability Delegation
- 15. Authority The right that a person in a specified role has to make decisions, allocate resources
- 16. Responsibility An employee’s duty to perform assigned activities and to meet the expectations associated with a
- 17. Accountability Employees with formal authority over an area are required to report on their work to
- 18. Delegation Managers giving people who are below them in the chain of command the authority to
- 19. Authority vs Power Authority Power
- 20. Span of Control The number of persons (subordinates) directly reporting to a manager. The right number
- 21. Span of Control The level of direct supervision an employee needs decreases with the level of
- 22. Span of Control
- 23. Centralisation vs Decentralisation Centralised organisations: decisions are made by a few people at the centre of
- 24. Departmentalisation refers to how the various activities of the organisation are grouped together into units a
- 25. e.g. Functional Departmentalisation
- 26. Types of Structure Mechanistic structure Organic structure (Burns & Stalker, 1961)
- 27. Mechanistic Structure High in specialisation. High in centralisation. High in formalisation (i.e. the practice of using
- 28. Organic Structure Knowledge is widely spread. There are few prescriptive job descriptions and rules and regulations
- 29. Types of structure One of the these two types of structure is frequently called a ‘bureaucracy’.
- 30. Types of structure Mechanistic structure: Rigid and stable. Organic structure: Flexible and highly adaptive.
- 31. Types of structure Mechanistic structure: Best at simple and repetitive tasks. Organic structure: More effective at
- 32. Types of structure Mechanistic structures are most effective in stable environments. Organic structures are most effective
- 33. Types of structure Organisations could use a combination of the two types. e.g. finance department –
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