Theoretical Perspectives

Сентябрь 3, 2022

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Theoretical Perspectives

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2. SOCIOLOGY as a science
3. Theoretical Perspectives Explain what sociological theories are and how they are used. Describe sociology as a
4. Theoretical perspectives (paradigms) provide sociologists with an orienting framework—a philosophical position—for asking certain kinds of questions
5. Three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactionist perspective the functionalist perspective the conflict perspective SOCIOLOGY as
6. The symbolic interactionist perspective The symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic interactionism, directs sociologists to
7. The functionalist perspective According to the functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, each aspect of society is
8. Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes one of two forms: Mechanical solidarity is a form
9. American functionalist sociologist Robert Merton (b. 1910) divides human functions into two types: manifest functions are
10. The conflict perspective The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl Marx's writings on class
11. SOCIOLOGY as a science
12. SOCIOLOGY as a science
13. Sociology is the rigorous and methodical study of society. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organisations,
14. 1. SOCIOLOGY as a science Sociology is the rigorous and methodical study of society. Sociologists investigate
15. 1. SOCIOLOGY as a science Anthony Giddens (2013) offers the following definition: “Sociology is the study
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SOCIOLOGY as a science

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Theoretical Perspectives
Explain what sociological theories are and how they are

used.
Describe sociology as a multi-perspectival social science, which is divided into positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms.
Understand the similarities and differences between structural functionalism, critical sociology, and symbolic interactionism.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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Theoretical perspectives (paradigms)
provide sociologists with an orienting framework—a philosophical

position—for asking certain kinds of questions about society and its people.
Sociologists study everything from specific events (the micro level of analysis of small social patterns) to the “big picture” (the macro level of analysis of large social patterns).

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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Three primary theoretical perspectives:
the symbolic interactionist perspective
the functionalist perspective

the conflict perspective

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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The symbolic interactionist perspective
The symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic

interactionism, directs sociologists to consider the symbols and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other.
Symbolic interactionism traces its origins to Max Weber's assertion that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world
The American philosopher George H. Mead (1863–1931) introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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The functionalist perspective
According to the functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, each

aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a whole.
Functionalists believe that social consensus or cohesion held society together, in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes one of two forms:
Mechanical

solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs and engage in similar types of work.
Mechanical solidarity most commonly occurs in traditional, simple societies such as those in which everyone herds cattle or farms. Amish society exemplifies mechanical solidarity.
In contrast, organic solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to varying values and beliefs and engage in varying types of work.
Organic solidarity most commonly occurs in industrialized, complex societies such those in large American cities like New York in the 2000s.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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American functionalist sociologist Robert Merton (b. 1910) divides human functions into

two types:
manifest functions are intentional and obvious
latent functions are unintentional and not obvious.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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The conflict perspective
The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl

Marx's writings on class struggles, presents society in a different light than do the functionalist and symbolic interactionist perspectives.
While these latter perspectives focus on the positive aspects of society that contribute to its stability, the conflict perspective focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever‐changing nature of society.

SOCIOLOGY as a science

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SOCIOLOGY as a science

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SOCIOLOGY as a science

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Sociology is the rigorous and methodical study of society.
Sociologists investigate

the structure of groups, organisations, and societies, and how people interact in various contexts. Anthony Giddens (2013) offers the following definition: Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and societies. It is a dazzling and compelling enterprise, having as its subject matter our own behaviour as human beings. The scope of sociology is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between individuals in the street up to the investigation of global social processes. The scope of sociology is extremely wide and may encompass a multitude of topic areas and theoretical perspectives.

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1. SOCIOLOGY as a science
Sociology is the rigorous and methodical

study of society.
Sociologists investigate
the structure of groups
organizations
and societies
how people interact in various contexts.

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1. SOCIOLOGY as a science
Anthony Giddens (2013) offers the following

definition:
“Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and societies. It is a dazzling and compelling enterprise, having as its subject matter our own behaviour as human beings. The scope of sociology is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between individuals in the street up to the investigation of global social processes.”

Theoretical Perspectives

Содержание

SOCIOLOGY as a science

Theoretical Perspectives Explain what sociological theories are and how they are

Theoretical perspectives (paradigms) provide sociologists with an orienting framework—a philosophical

Three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactionist perspective the functionalist perspective

The symbolic interactionist perspectiveThe symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic

The functionalist perspectiveAccording to the functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, each

Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes one of two forms: Mechanical

American functionalist sociologist Robert Merton (b. 1910) divides human functions into

The conflict perspectiveThe conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl

SOCIOLOGY as a science

SOCIOLOGY as a science

Sociology is the rigorous and methodical study of society. Sociologists investigate

1. SOCIOLOGY as a scienceSociology is the rigorous and methodical

1. SOCIOLOGY as a scienceAnthony Giddens (2013) offers the following

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Theoretical Perspectives
Explain what sociological theories are and how they are

Theoretical perspectives (paradigms)
provide sociologists with an orienting framework—a philosophical

Three primary theoretical perspectives:
the symbolic interactionist perspective
the functionalist perspective

The symbolic interactionist perspective
The symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic

The functionalist perspective
According to the functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, each

Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes one of two forms:
Mechanical

The conflict perspective
The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl

Sociology is the rigorous and methodical study of society.
Sociologists investigate

1. SOCIOLOGY as a science
Sociology is the rigorous and methodical

1. SOCIOLOGY as a science
Anthony Giddens (2013) offers the following